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Post-hoc explanation methods provide interpretation by attributing predictions to input features. Natural explanations are expected to interpret how the inputs lead to the predictions. Thus, a fundamental question arises: Do these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Yifan Li , Yu Kong , Jundong Li , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

In this work, we explore various topics that fall under the umbrella of Uncertainty in post-hoc Explainable AI (XAI) methods. We in particular focus on the class of additive feature attribution explanation methods. We first describe our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Abhishek Madaan , Tanya Chowdhury , Neha Rana , James Allan , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Deep Learning methods are renowned for their performances, yet their lack of interpretability prevents them from high-stakes contexts. Recent model agnostic methods address this problem by providing post-hoc interpretability methods by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marco Repetto

Post-hoc interpretability approaches have been proven to be powerful tools to generate explanations for the predictions made by a trained black-box model. However, they create the risk of having explanations that are a result of some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Thibault Laugel , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Xavier Renard , Marcin Detyniecki

Trust and ethical concerns due to the widespread deployment of opaque machine learning (ML) models motivating the need for reliable model explanations. Post-hoc model-agnostic explanation methods addresses this challenge by learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumedha Chugh , Ranjitha Prasad , Nazreen Shah

We develop a method for generating causal post-hoc explanations of black-box classifiers based on a learned low-dimensional representation of the data. The explanation is causal in the sense that changing learned latent factors produces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Matthew O'Shaughnessy , Gregory Canal , Marissa Connor , Mark Davenport , Christopher Rozell

The accuracy and understandability of bank failure prediction models are crucial. While interpretable models like logistic regression are favored for their explainability, complex models such as random forest, support vector machines, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Seyma Gunonu , Gizem Altun , Mustafa Cavus

We present a model-agnostic algorithm for generating post-hoc explanations and uncertainty intervals for a machine learning model when only a static sample of inputs and outputs from the model is available, rather than direct access to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Surin Ahn , Justin Grana , Yafet Tamene , Kristian Holsheimer

Most of the work on interpretable machine learning has focused on designing either inherently interpretable models, which typically trade-off accuracy for interpretability, or post-hoc explanation systems, whose explanation quality can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Gregory Plumb , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Angel Alexander Cabrera , Adam Perer , Eric Xing , Ameet Talwalkar

Local surrogate approaches for explaining machine learning model predictions have appealing properties, such as being model-agnostic and flexible in their modelling. Several methods exist that fit this description and share this goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Rafael Poyiadzi , Xavier Renard , Thibault Laugel , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Marcin Detyniecki

As complex machine learning models continue to find applications in high-stakes decision-making scenarios, it is crucial that we can explain and understand their predictions. Post-hoc explanation methods provide useful insights by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Beepul Bharti , Paul Yi , Jeremias Sulam

Objective: Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is a popular post-hoc technique for explaining black box models. While the impact of data imbalance on predictive models has been extensively studied, it remains largely unknown with respect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mingxuan Liu , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu

Explanations are hypothesized to improve human understanding of machine learning models and achieve a variety of desirable outcomes, ranging from model debugging to enhancing human decision making. However, empirical studies have found…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Chacha Chen , Shi Feng , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

Several explainable AI methods allow a Machine Learning user to get insights on the classification process of a black-box model in the form of local linear explanations. With such information, the user can judge which features are locally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Francesco Lomuscio , Paolo Bajardi , Alan Perotti , Elvio G. Amparore

With the dramatic advances in deep learning technology, machine learning research is focusing on improving the interpretability of model predictions as well as prediction performance in both basic and applied research. While deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Shunsuke Kitada

Distribution shifts introduce uncertainty that undermines the robustness and generalization capabilities of machine learning models. While conventional wisdom suggests that learning causal-invariant representations enhances robustness to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Celia Rubio-Madrigal , Rebekka Burkholz , Krikamol Muandet

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

The increasing number of regulations and expectations of predictive machine learning models, such as so called right to explanation, has led to a large number of methods promising greater interpretability. High demand has led to a…

The most common methods in explainable artificial intelligence are post-hoc techniques which identify the most relevant features used by pretrained opaque models. Some of the most advanced post hoc methods can generate explanations that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Stefano Fioravanti , Francesco Giannini , Paolo Frazzetto , Fabio Zanasi , Pietro Barbiero

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington