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This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Robust visual recognition in underwater environments remains a significant challenge due to complex distortions such as turbidity, low illumination, and occlusion, which severely degrade the performance of standard vision systems. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Taufikur Rahman Fuad , Sabbir Ahmed , Shahriar Ivan

Although pretrained Transformers such as BERT achieve high accuracy on in-distribution examples, do they generalize to new distributions? We systematically measure out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization for seven NLP datasets by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Dan Hendrycks , Xiaoyuan Liu , Eric Wallace , Adam Dziedzic , Rishabh Krishnan , Dawn Song

Monitoring plankton distribution, particularly harmful phytoplankton, is vital for preserving aquatic ecosystems, regulating the global climate, and ensuring environmental protection. Traditional methods for monitoring are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aymane Khaldi , Rohaifa Khaldi

In recent years, deep learning models have become the standard for agricultural computer vision. Such models are typically fine-tuned to agricultural tasks using model weights that were originally fit to more general, non-agricultural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Amogh Joshi , Dario Guevara , Mason Earles

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be divided into two classes: model-free algorithms, which are sample-inefficient, and model-based algorithms, which suffer from model bias. Dyna-style algorithms combine these two approaches by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yansong Li , Zeyu Dong , Ertai Luo , Yu Wu , Shuo Wu , Shuo Han

Robust training with noisy labels is a critical challenge in image classification, offering the potential to reduce reliance on costly clean-label datasets. Real-world datasets often contain a mix of in-distribution (ID) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Arpit Garg , Cuong Nguyen , Rafael Felix , Yuyuan Liu , Thanh-Toan Do , Gustavo Carneiro

Despite advances in image classification methods, detecting the samples not belonging to the training classes is still a challenging problem. There has been a burst of interest in this subject recently, which is called Open-Set Recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

The ability of the deep learning model to recognize when a sample falls outside its learned distribution is critical for safe and reliable deployment. Recent state-of-the-art out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods leverage activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Sudarshan Regmi

Out-of-Domain (OOD) generalization is the ability of a model trained on one or more domains to generalize to unseen domains. In the ImageNet era of computer vision, evaluation sets for measuring a model's OOD performance were designed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Roland S. Zimmermann , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Evgenia Rusak , Attila Juhos , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

The task of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is notoriously ill-defined. Earlier works focused on new-class detection, aiming to identify label-altering data distribution shifts, also known as "semantic shift." However, recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 William Yang , Byron Zhang , Olga Russakovsky

Insects are a crucial part of our ecosystem. Sadly, in the past few decades, their numbers have worryingly decreased. In an attempt to gain a better understanding of this process and monitor the insects populations, Deep Learning may offer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Teodor Chiaburu , Felix Biessmann , Frank Hausser

Despite achieving enormous success in predictive accuracy for visual classification problems, deep neural networks (DNNs) suffer from providing overconfident probabilities on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Yet, accurate uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Zongyao Lyu , Nolan B. Gutierrez , William J. Beksi

Efficiency and trustworthiness are two eternal pursuits when applying deep learning in real-world applications. With regard to efficiency, dataset distillation (DD) endeavors to reduce training costs by distilling the large dataset into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shijie Ma , Fei Zhu , Zhen Cheng , Xu-Yao Zhang

Robust out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an indispensable component of modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems, especially in safety-critical applications where models must identify inputs from unfamiliar classes not seen during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Tarhib Al Azad , Shahana Ibrahim

The 3D deep learning community has seen significant strides in pointcloud processing over the last few years. However, the datasets on which deep models have been trained have largely remained the same. Most datasets comprise clean,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Jieliang Luo , Ran Zhang , Ye Wang , Pradeep Kumar Jayaraman , Krishna Murthy Jatavallabhula

In this paper, we aim to improve the performance of a deep learning model towards image classification tasks, proposing a novel anchor-based training methodology, named \textit{Online Anchor-based Training} (OAT). The OAT method, guided by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Maria Tzelepi , Vasileios Mezaris

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt

As language models become more general purpose, increased attention needs to be paid to detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances, i.e., those not belonging to any of the distributions seen during training. Existing methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Aryan Gulati , Xingjian Dong , Carlos Hurtado , Sarath Shekkizhar , Swabha Swayamdipta , Antonio Ortega

Transformers excel in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) datasets, i.e. data whose distribution differs from that seen during training. OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yijin Zhou , Yutang Ge , Wenyuan Xie , Linqian Zeng , Xiaowen Dong , Yuguang Wang