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We show that any first order ordinary differential equation with a known Lie point symmetry group can be discretized into a difference scheme with the same symmetry group. In general, the lattices are not regular ones, but must be adapted…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2014-11-18 Miguel A. Rodriguez , Pavel Winternitz

We analyze solvability of a special form of distributed order fractional differential equations within the space of tempered distributions supported by the positive half-line.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-02-04 Teodor M. Atanackovic , Ljubica Oparnica , Stevan Pilipovic

Our paper "Solving Third Order Linear Difference Equations in Terms of Second Order Equations" gave two algorithms for solving difference equations in terms of lower order equations: an algorithm for absolute factorization, and an algorithm…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Heba Bou KaedBey , Mark Van Hoeij

The solutions of boundary value problems for the Laplacian and the bilaplacian exhibit very different qualitative behaviors. Particularly, the failure of general maximum principles for the bilaplacian implies that solutions of higher-order…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-02-10 Alberto Saldaña

Apparently, all partial differential equations that describe physical phenomena in space-time can be cast into a universal quasilinear, first-order form. In this paper, we do two things. First, we describe some broad features of systems of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Geroch

Some properties and relations satisfied by the polynomial solutions of a bispectral problem are studied. Given a finite order differential operator, under certain restrictions, its polynomial eigenfunctions are explicitly obtained, as well…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-20 L. M. Anguas , D. Barrios Rolanía

Second order nonlinear eigenvalue problems are considered for which the spectrum is an interval. The boundary conditions are of Robin and Dirichlet type. The shape and the number of solutions are discussed by means of a phase plane…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Catherine Bandle , Simon Stingelin , Alfred Wagner

The dynamics of the second order rational difference equation $\displaystyle{z_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha + z_{n-1}}{\beta z_n + z_{n-1}}}$ with the real parameter $\alpha$, $\beta$ and arbitrary non-negative real initial conditions is investigated…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-02-23 Sk Sarif Hassan , Anupam Bhandari

We show that Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, the problem of deciding if a system of multivariate polynomial equations has a solution in the algebraic closure of the underlying field, lies in the counting hierarchy. More generally, we show that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Robert Andrews , Abhibhav Garg , Éric Schost

We have been working in many aspects of the problem of analyzing, understanding and solving ordinary differential equations (first and second order). As we have extensively mentioned, while working in the Darboux type methods, the most…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-04-27 L. G. S. Duarte , L. A. C. P. da Mota

A general formula is presented for any order derivative of Chebyshev polynomials instead of the existing recursive relationship. Hence, the Chebyshev finite difference method is made applicable not only to second order problems but also to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-15 Soner Aydinlik , Ahmet Kiris

Harmonic frames of prime order are investigated. The primary focus is the enumeration of inequivalent harmonic frames, with the exact number given by a recursive formula. The key to this result is a one-to-one correspondence developed…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2012-09-04 Matthew J. Hirn

We present two algorithms for computing what we call the absolute factorization of a difference operator. We also give an algorithm to solve third order difference equations in terms of second order equations, together with applications to…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Heba Bou KaedBey , Mark van Hoeij , Man Cheung Tsui

In this Letter we identify special systems of (an arbitrary number) N of first-order Ordinary Differential Equations with homogeneous polynomials of arbitrary degree M on their right-hand sides, which feature very simple explicit solutions;…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Francesco Calogero , Farrin Payandeh

We present a framework for synthesising formulas in first-order logic (FOL) from examples, which unifies and advances state-of-the-art approaches for inference of transition system invariants. To do so, we study and categorise the existing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ziyi Yang , George Pîrlea , Ilya Sergey

The second order partial difference equation of two variables $ \CD u:= A_{1,1}(x) \Delta_1 \nabla_1 u + A_{1,2}(x) \Delta_1 \nabla_2 u + A_{2,1}(x) \Delta_2 \nabla_1 u + A_{2,2}(x) \Delta_2 \nabla_2 u & \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad + B_1(x)…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yuan Xu

Motivated by the problem of solving the Einstein equations, we discuss high order finite difference discretizations of first order in time, second order in space hyperbolic systems.Particular attention is paid to the case when first order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-18 M. Chirvasa , S. Husa

We investigate the boundedness of solutions of the first order linear difference equation of the form $x_{n+1} = Ax_{n} + y_{n}, \; n \geq 1$ where $A$ is a square matrix with complex entries, sequence $\{y_{n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ and initial…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Andrii Chaikovskyi , Oleksandr Liubimov

We obtain solutions to the recursive sequences of the form $$x_{n + 1} = \frac{x_{n - 3}x_{n }}{x_{n - 2}(a_n + b_nx_{n -3}x_{n})}$$ where $a_n$ and $b_n$ are arbitrary sequences of real numbers, and the initial values are gives as;…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Mensah Folly-Gbetoula , Darlison Nyirenda

We develop a one step matrix method in order to obtain approximate solutions of first order systems and non-linear ordinary differential equations, reducible to first order systems. We find a sequence of such solutions that converge to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-28 J. J. Alvarez-Sanchez , M. Gadella , L. P. Lara