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The integration of molecular and natural language representations has emerged as a focal point in molecular science, with recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) demonstrating significant potential for comprehensive modeling of both…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Qizhi Pei , Rui Yan , Kaiyuan Gao , Jinhua Zhu , Lijun Wu

In the real world, a molecule is a 3D geometric structure. Compared to 1D SMILES sequences and 2D molecular graphs, 3D molecules represent the most informative molecular modality. Despite the rapid progress of autoregressive-based language…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lei Jiang , Shuzhou Sun , Biqing Qi , Yuchen Fu , Xiaohua Xu , Yuqiang Li , Dongzhan Zhou , Tianfan Fu

Molecular Relational Learning (MRL) aims to understand interactions between molecular pairs, playing a critical role in advancing biochemical research. With the recent development of large language models (LLMs), a growing number of studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhuo Chen , Yizhen Zheng , Huan Yee Koh , Hongxin Xiang , Linjiang Chen , Wenjie Du , Yang Wang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in 2D tasks, yet encounter challenges in discerning the spatial positions, interrelations, and causal logic in scenes when transitioning from 2D to 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haomiao Xiong , Yunzhi Zhuge , Jiawen Zhu , Lu Zhang , Huchuan Lu

3D molecule generation is crucial for drug discovery and material design. While prior efforts focus on 3D diffusion models for their benefits in modeling continuous 3D conformers, they overlook the advantages of 1D SELFIES-based Language…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-28 Zhiyuan Liu , Yanchen Luo , Han Huang , Enzhi Zhang , Sihang Li , Junfeng Fang , Yaorui Shi , Xiang Wang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tat-Seng Chua

Human expertise in chemistry and biomedicine relies on contextual molecular understanding, a capability that large language models (LLMs) can extend through fine-grained alignment between molecular structures and text. Recent multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Sumin Ha , Jun Hyeong Kim , Yinhua Piao , Sun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been proven to excel at multiple tasks, such as commonsense reasoning. Powerful as these models can be, they are not grounded in the 3D physical world, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yining Hong , Haoyu Zhen , Peihao Chen , Shuhong Zheng , Yilun Du , Zhenfang Chen , Chuang Gan

Unlike vision and language data which usually has a unique format, molecules can naturally be characterized using different chemical formulations. One can view a molecule as a 2D graph or define it as a collection of atoms located in a 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Shengjie Luo , Tianlang Chen , Yixian Xu , Shuxin Zheng , Tie-Yan Liu , Liwei Wang , Di He

Computational methods that operate on three-dimensional molecular structure have the potential to solve important questions in biology and chemistry. In particular, deep neural networks have gained significant attention, but their…

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promise in instruction following and 2D image understanding. While these models are powerful, they have not yet been developed to comprehend the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Senqiao Yang , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Mingjie Pan , Zoey Guo , Xiaoqi Li , Zehui Chen , Peng Gao , Yandong Guo , Shanghang Zhang

Understanding 3D medical image volumes is critical in the medical field, yet existing 3D medical convolution and transformer-based self-supervised learning (SSL) methods often lack deep semantic comprehension. Recent advancements in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Qiuhui Chen , Xuancheng Yao , Huping Ye , Yi Hong

New era has unlocked exciting possibilities for extending Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle 3D vision-language tasks. However, most existing 3D multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) rely on compressing holistic 3D scene information or segmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xiaoyan Wang , Zeju Li , Yifan Xu , Jiaxing Qi , Zhifei Yang , Ruifei Ma , Xiangde Liu , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) with their strong task-handling capabilities have shown remarkable advancements across a spectrum of fields, moving beyond natural language understanding. However, their proficiency within the chemistry domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Khiem Le , Zhichun Guo , Kaiwen Dong , Xiaobao Huang , Bozhao Nan , Roshni Iyer , Xiangliang Zhang , Olaf Wiest , Wei Wang , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Understanding 3D medical image volumes is a critical task in the medical domain. However, existing 3D convolution and transformer-based methods have limited semantic understanding of an image volume and also need a large set of volumes for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Qiuhui Chen , Huping Ye , Yi Hong

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive molecule understanding ability on various 1D text-related tasks. However, they inherently lack 2D graph perception - a critical ability of human professionals in comprehending molecules'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhiyuan Liu , Sihang Li , Yanchen Luo , Hao Fei , Yixin Cao , Kenji Kawaguchi , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Molecular property prediction, crucial for early drug candidate screening and optimization, has seen advancements with deep learning-based methods. While deep learning-based methods have advanced considerably, they often fall short in fully…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-01 Taojie Kuang , Yiming Ren , Zhixiang Ren

Understanding molecules is key to understanding organisms and driving advances in drug discovery, requiring interdisciplinary knowledge across chemistry and biology. Although large molecular language models have achieved notable success in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dongki Kim , Wonbin Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

AI models for drug discovery and chemical literature mining must interpret molecular images and generate outputs consistent with 3D geometry and stereochemistry. Most molecular language models rely on strings or graphs, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jing Lan , Hexiao Ding , Hongzhao Chen , Yufeng Jiang , Nga-Chun Ng , Gwing Kei Yip , Gerald W. Y. Cheng , Yunlin Mao , Jing Cai , Liang-ting Lin , Jung Sun Yoo

The remarkable success of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse tasks has driven the research community to extend their capabilities to molecular applications. However, most molecular LLMs employ adapter-based architectures that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Shuhan Guo , Yatao Bian , Ruibing Wang , Nan Yin , Zhen Wang , Quanming Yao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys
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