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The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in quantum many-body systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in the full ETH, which extends the framework of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-12 Merlin Füllgraf , Jochen Gemmer , Jiaozi Wang

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading interpretation in our current understanding of quantum thermalization. Recent results uncovered strong connections between quantum correlations in thermalizing systems and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Gabriel O. Alves , Felix Fritzsch , Pieter W. Claeys

It is known that the long-range quantum entanglement exhibited in free fermion systems is sufficient to "thermalize" a small subsystem in that the subsystem reduced density matrix computed from a typical excited eigenstate of the combined…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-18 G. C. Levine , B. A. Friedman

We derive the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from a random matrix Hamiltonian by extending the model introduced by J. M. Deutsch [Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)]. We approximate the coupling between a subsystem and a many-body…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-26 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains emergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium by assuming a particular structure of observable's matrix elements in the energy eigenbasis. Schematically, it postulates that off-diagonal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jiaozi Wang , Mats H. Lamann , Jonas Richter , Robin Steinigeweg , Anatoly Dymarsky , Jochen Gemmer

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains why chaotic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally if the Hamiltonian lacks symmetries. If the Hamiltonian conserves one quantity ("charge"), the ETH implies thermalization…

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) attempts to bridge the gap between quantum mechanical and statistical mechanical descriptions of isolated quantum systems. Here, we define unbiased measures for how well the ETH works in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-04 Pavan Hosur , Xiao-Liang Qi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems, linking quantum chaos with statistical mechanics. In this work, we extend the ETH framework to open quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Filippo Ferrari , Vincenzo Savona , Fabrizio Minganti

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) posits how isolated quantum many-body systems thermalize, assuming that individual eigenstates at the same energy density have identical expectation values of local observables in the limit of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-14 Maksym Serbyn , Alexander Avdoshkin , Oriana K. Diessel , David A. Huse

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which asserts that every eigenstate of a many-body quantum system is indistinguishable from a thermal ensemble, plays a pivotal role in understanding thermalization of isolated quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-27 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) insists that for nonintegrable systems each energy eigenstate accurately gives microcanonical expectation values for a class of observables. As a mechanism for ETH to hold, we show that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-15 Takaaki Monnai

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization of isolated quantum systems. While the standard ETH is formulated in the absence of degeneracy, physical systems often possess symmetries that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-27 Soma Onoda , Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Okuto Morikawa

We use field-theoretic methods to explore the statistics of eigenfunctions of the Floquet operator for a large family of Floquet random quantum circuits. The correlation function of the quasienergy eigenstates is calculated and shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Yunxiang Liao , Victor Galitski

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains how generic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally. It implies that local operators' time-averaged expectation values approximately equal their thermal expectation values,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Aleksander Lasek , Jae Dong Noh , Jade LeSchack , Nicole Yunger Halpern

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a way to understand how an isolated quantum mechanical system can be approximated by a thermal density matrix. We find a class of operators in (1+1)-$d$ conformal field theories,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-30 Pallab Basu , Diptarka Das , Shouvik Datta , Sridip Pal

Understanding how an isolated quantum system evolves toward a thermal state from an initial state far from equilibrium such as one prepared by a global quantum quench has attracted significant interest in recent years. This phenomenon can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-23 Mohsen Alishahiha , Mohammad Javad Vasli

Generic rotationally invariant random matrix models satisfy a simple relation: the probability distribution of off-diagonal elements and the one of half the difference between any two diagonal elements coincide. In the spirit of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-15 Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

In this paper, we investigate the distinctions between realistic quantum chaotic systems and random models from the perspective of observable properties, particularly focusing on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Through…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-11 Xiao Wang , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) represents a cornerstone in the theoretical understanding of the emergence of thermal behavior in closed quantum systems. The ETH asserts that expectation values of simple observables in energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-15 Giorgio Cipolloni , Jonah Kudler-Flam

Motivated by the qualitative picture of Canonical Typicality, we propose a refined formulation of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) for chaotic quantum systems. The new formulation, which we refer to as subsystem ETH, is in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-04-06 Anatoly Dymarsky , Nima Lashkari , Hong Liu