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Cyber-physical systems are at the intersection of digital technology and engineering domains, rendering them high-value targets of sophisticated and well-funded cybersecurity threat actors. Prominent cybersecurity attacks on CPS have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shaofei Huang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Lwin Khin Shar

As new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are integrated into Critical National Infrastructures (CNI), new cybersecurity threats emerge that require specific security solutions. Approaches used for analysis include the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Uchenna D Ani , Jeremy D McK. Watson , Jason R. C. Nurse , Al Cook , Carsten Maple

Electric Vehicles (EVs), like all modern vehicles, are entirely controlled by electronic devices embedded within networks that are exposed to the threat of cyberattacks. Cyber vulnerabilities are magnified with EVs due to unique risks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Shashank Sripad , Sekar Kulandaivel , Vikram Pande , Vyas Sekar , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

Traditional techniques for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) security design either treat the cyber and physical systems independently, or do not address the specific vulnerabilities of real time embedded controllers and networks used to monitor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Ashraf Tantawy , Abdelkarim Erradi , Sherif Abdelwahed , Khaled Shaban

This paper concerns the security of the electric power transmission grid facing the threat of malicious cyber-physical attackers. We posit that there is no such thing as perfectly effective cyber-security. Rather, any cyber-security measure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Efthymios Karangelos , Louis Wehenkel

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are present in many settings addressing a myriad of purposes. Examples are Internet-of-Things (IoT) or sensing software embedded in appliances or even specialised meters that measure and respond to electricity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-18 Luca Arnaboldi , Ricardo M. Czekster , Roberto Metere , Charles Morisset

The increasing integration of IoT-connected devices in smart grids has introduced new vulnerabilities at the distribution level. Of particular concern is the potential for cyberattacks that exploit high-wattage IoT devices, such as EV…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Armita Khashayardoost , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Deepa Kundur

Due to the advances in computing and sensing, deep learning (DL) has widely been applied in smart energy systems (SESs). These DL-based solutions have proved their potentials in improving the effectiveness and adaptiveness of the control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Moein Sabounchi , Jin Wei-Kocsis

An increased energy demand, and environmental pressure to accommodate higher levels of renewable energy and flexible loads like electric vehicles have led to numerous smart transformations in the modern power systems. These transformations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Arnab Bhattacharjee , Tapan K. Saha , Ashu Verma , Sukumar Mishra

A power system is a complex cyber-physical system whose security is critical to its function. A major challenge is to model and analyze its communication pathways with respect to cyber threats. To achieve this, the design and evaluation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-14 Abhijeet Sahu , Patrick Wlazlo , Zeyu Mao , Hao Huang , Ana Goulart , Katherine Davis , Saman Zonouz

In this paper, a general model for cyber-physical systems (CPSs), that captures the diffusion of attacks from the cyber layer to the physical system, is studied. In particular, a game-theoretic approach is proposed to analyze the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Anibal Sanjab , Walid Saad

Owing to the decreasing costs of distributed energy resources (DERs) as well as decarbonization policies, power systems are undergoing a modernization process. The large deployment of DERs together with internet of things (IoT) devices…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-27 Hamed Haggi , Wei Sun

Cyber insurance is a complementary mechanism to further reduce the financial impact on the systems after their effort in defending against cyber attacks and implementing resilience mechanism to maintain the system-level operator even though…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Shutian Liu , Quanyan Zhu

This paper studies the performance and resilience of a linear cyber-physical control system (CPCS) with attack detection and reactive attack mitigation in the context of power grids. It addresses the problem of deriving an optimal sequence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Jabir Shabbir Karachiwala , Teo Zhan Teng , Rui Tan , David K. Y. Yau

This paper establishes a novel analytical approach to quantify robustness of scheduling and battery management for battery supported cyber-physical systems. A dynamic schedulability test is introduced to determine whether tasks are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2011-11-28 Fumin Zhang , Zhenwu Shi , Shayok Mukhopadhyay

This letter addresses essential aspects of threat assessment by proposing intent-driven threat models that incorporate both capabilities and intents. We propose a holistic framework for cyber physical awareness (CPA) in space networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Selen Gecgel Cetin , Tolga Ovatman , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are often defended in the same manner as information technology (IT) systems -- by using perimeter security. Multiple factors make such defenses insufficient for CPS. Resiliency shows potential in overcoming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Cody Fleming , Carl Elks , Georgios Bakirtzis , Stephen C. Adams , Bryan Carter , Peter A. Beling , Barry Horowitz

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly being integrated into embedded and IoT systems that surround us, and they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. The deployment of these ML algorithms on resource-limited embedded platforms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Christian Westbrook , Sudeep Pasricha

Cyber-physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) are becoming increasingly prevalent across sectors such as Industry 4.0 and smart homes, where they play a critical role in enabling intelligent, interconnected functionality. Addressing the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Elisabeth Vogel , Peter Langendörfer

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) facilitate the integration of physical entities and cyber infrastructures through the utilization of pervasive computational resources and communication units, leading to improved efficiency, automation, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-19 Zirui Liao , Jian Shi , Yuwei Zhang , Shaoping Wang , Zhiyong Sun