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Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task in computer-aided diagnosis, requiring models that balance segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency. However, existing segmentation models often struggle to effectively capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dalia Alzu'bi , A. Ben Hamza

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) work very well for supervised learning problems when the training dataset is representative of the variations expected to be encountered at test time. In medical image segmentation, this premise is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-26 Neerav Karani , Ertunc Erdil , Krishna Chaitanya , Ender Konukoglu

Segmentation is one of the most important tasks in the medical imaging pipeline as it influences a number of image-based decisions. To be effective, fully supervised segmentation approaches require large amounts of manually annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Tyler Ward , Aaron Moseley , Abdullah-Al-Zubaer Imran

Active learning is a unique abstraction of machine learning techniques where the model/algorithm could guide users for annotation of a set of data points that would be beneficial to the model, unlike passive machine learning. The primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Vishwesh Nath , Dong Yang , Bennett A. Landman , Daguang Xu , Holger R. Roth

Existing skeleton-based human action classification models rely on well-trimmed action-specific skeleton videos for both training and testing, precluding their scalability to real-world applications where untrimmed videos exhibiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Haitao Tian , Pierre Payeur

Topic segmentation is important in understanding scientific documents since it can not only provide better readability but also facilitate downstream tasks such as information retrieval and question answering by creating appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jeonghwan Lee , Jiyeong Han , Sunghoon Baek , Min Song

In recent years, instance segmentation has garnered significant attention across various applications. However, training a fully-supervised instance segmentation model requires costly both instance-level and pixel-level annotations. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuchen Shen , Dong Zhang , Zhao Zhang , Liyong Fu , Qiaolin Ye

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task in numerous medical engineering applications. Recently, language-guided segmentation has shown promise in medical scenarios where textual clinical reports are readily available as semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Mingjian Li , Mingyuan Meng , Shuchang Ye , Michael Fulham , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim

Surgical tool segmentation in endoscopic images is an important problem: it is a crucial step towards full instrument pose estimation and it is used for integration of pre- and intra-operative images into the endoscopic view. While many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Daniil Pakhomov , Wei Shen , Nassir Navab

Image segmentation is a fundamental and challenging problem in computer vision with applications spanning multiple areas, such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and autonomous vehicles. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ali Hatamizadeh

Medical image segmentation plays a vital role in clinical decision-making, enabling precise localization of lesions and guiding interventions. Despite significant advances in segmentation accuracy, the black-box nature of most deep models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Limai Jiang , Ruitao Xie , Bokai Yang , Huazhen Huang , Juan He , Yufu Huo , Zikai Wang , Yang Wei , Yunpeng Cai

Pre-trained segmentation models are a powerful and flexible tool for segmenting images. Recently, this trend has extended to medical imaging. Yet, often these methods only produce a single prediction for a given image, neglecting inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Benjamin Towle , Xin Chen , Ke Zhou

We propose TG-LMM (Text-Guided Large Multi-Modal Model), a novel approach that leverages textual descriptions of organs to enhance segmentation accuracy in medical images. Existing medical image segmentation methods face several challenges:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yihao Zhao , Enhao Zhong , Cuiyun Yuan , Yang Li , Man Zhao , Chunxia Li , Jun Hu , Chenbin Liu

Medical image analysis is critical yet challenged by the need of jointly segmenting organs or tissues, and numerous instances for anatomical structures and tumor microenvironment analysis. Existing studies typically formulated different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qing Xu , Yuxiang Luo , Wenting Duan , Zhen Chen

In-context learning (ICL) enables medical image segmentation models to adapt to new anatomical structures from limited examples, reducing the clinical annotation burden. However, standard ICL methods typically rely on dense, global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 T. Camaret Ndir , Marco Reisert , Robin T. Schirrmeister

Semantic segmentation, vital for applications ranging from autonomous driving to robotics, faces significant challenges in domains where collecting large annotated datasets is difficult or prohibitively expensive. In such contexts, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Nico Catalano , Matteo Matteucci

Deep learning models have become the dominant method for medical image segmentation. However, they often struggle to be generalisable to unknown tasks involving new anatomical structures, labels, or shapes. In these cases, the model needs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Jing Xu

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental and critical step in many image-guided clinical approaches. Recent success of deep learning-based segmentation methods usually relies on a large amount of labeled data, which is particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Rushi Jiao , Yichi Zhang , Le Ding , Rong Cai , Jicong Zhang

Semantic segmentation is essentially important to biomedical image analysis. Many recent works mainly focus on integrating the Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) architecture with sophisticated convolution implementation and deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Xuhua Ren , Lichi Zhang , Sahar Ahmad , Dong Nie , Fan Yang , Lei Xiang , Qian Wang , Dinggang Shen

Surgical instrument segmentation is instrumental to minimally invasive surgeries and related applications. Most previous methods formulate this task as single-frame-based instance segmentation while ignoring the natural temporal and stereo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qiyuan Wang , Shang Zhao , Zikang Xu , S Kevin Zhou