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Underwater quantum key distribution (UQKD) ensures unconditional communication security based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. This study examines the performance of the BB84, SARG04, and the entanglement-based BBM92…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Nour Rizk , Angélique Drémeau , Arnaud Coatanhay

This topical review introduces the theoretical and experimental advances in continuous-variable (CV) --- i.e., qumode-based in lieu of qubit-based --- large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing and quantum simulation. An introduction to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Olivier Pfister

Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years. A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the quantum key distribution (QKD), where unconditional security can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Shouye Miao , Renzhi Yuan , Bin Cao , Mufei Zhao , Zhifeng Wang , Mugen Peng

The advent of quantum computers has significantly challenged the security of traditional cryptographic systems, prompting a surge in research on quantum key distribution (QKD). Among various QKD approaches, continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Xiaojuan Liao , Yuehan Xu , Qijun Zhang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Kaizhi Wang , Guihua Zeng

We present a quantum communication experiment conducted over a point-to-point free-space link of 1.6 km in urban conditions. We study atmospheric influences on the capability of the link to act as a continuous-variable (CV) quantum channel.…

In typical laser communications classical information is encoded by modulating the amplitude of the laser beam and measured via direct detection. We add a layer of security using quantum physics to this standard scheme, applicable to…

Advances in highly sensitive detection techniques for classical coherent communication systems have reduced the received signal power requirements to a few photons per bit. At this level one can take advantage of the quantum noise to create…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Rupesh Kumar , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Tim Spiller , Ian White

Presently, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are very different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 Bing Qi

We investigate the security of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) using coherent states in the presence of quadrature excess noise. We consider an eavesdropping attack which uses a linear amplifier and beam splitter.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ryo Namiki , Takuya Hirano

The free-space transfer of high-fidelity optical signals between remote locations has many applications, including both classical and quantum communication, precision navigation, clock synchronization, etc. The physical processes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-21 D. Vasylyev , A. A. Semenov , W. Vogel

In classical communication, the introduction of polychromatic resources has rapidly boosted classical networks' rate and scale. Quantum communication is now at a similar critical stage in its development, and therefore, it is essential to…

We propose the adaptive quadrature detection for multicarrier continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). A multicarrier CVQKD scheme uses Gaussian subcarrier continuous variables for the information conveying and Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-28 Laszlo Gyongyosi

A quantum key distribution (QKD) system must fulfill the requirement of universal composability to ensure that any cryptographic application (using the QKD system) is also secure. Furthermore, the theoretical proof responsible for security…

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) enhances information efficiency and noise tolerance by encoding data in large Hilbert spaces. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a scalable basis for such encoding and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Huan Zhang , Zhenyu Cao , Yu Sun , Hu Jin

Quantum capacity, as the key figure of merit for a given quantum channel, upper bounds the channel's ability in transmitting quantum information. Identifying different type of channels, evaluating the corresponding quantum capacity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Changchun Zhong , Changhun Oh , Liang Jiang

One of the cornerstones of quantum communication is the unconditionally secure distribution of classical keys between remote parties. This key feature of quantum technology is based on the quantum properties of propagating electromagnetic…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has undergone significant development in recent decades, particularly with respect to free-space (air) and optical fiber channels. Here, we report the first proof-of-principle experiment for the BB84 protocol…

We consider continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete-alphabet encodings. In particular, we study protocols where information is encoded in the phase of displaced coherent (or thermal) states, even though the results can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-18 Panagiotis Papanastasiou , Stefano Pirandola

We propose an efficient logical layer-based reconciliation method for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) to extract binary information from correlated Gaussian variables. We demonstrate that by operating on the raw-data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-09 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre