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Increasing numbers of software vulnerabilities are discovered every year whether they are reported publicly or discovered internally in proprietary code. These vulnerabilities can pose serious risk of exploit and result in system…

Open-source software (OSS) greatly facilitates program development for developers. However, the high number of vulnerabilities in open-source software is a major concern, including in Golang, a relatively new programming language. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Jinchang Hu , Lyuye Zhang , Chengwei Liu , Sen Yang , Song Huang , Yang Liu

Open-source software (OSS) dependencies introduce systemic risks that are difficult to manage at scale. Existing Software Composition Analysis (SCA) and reachability tools generate severe alert fatigue by treating risk as an intrinsic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Henry Ruckman-Utting , Vrushal Nedungadi , Taiga Okuma , LeTian Wang , Stephen Ehebald , Mohammad A. Tayebi

AI-based solutions demonstrate remarkable results in identifying vulnerabilities in software, but research has consistently found that this performance does not generalize to unseen codebases. In this paper, we specifically investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , M. Umer Ashfaq , Wajahat Hussain

As interconnected systems proliferate, safeguarding complex infrastructures against an escalating array of cyber threats has become an urgent challenge. The increasing number of vulnerabilities, combined with resource constraints, makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuning Jiang , Nay Oo , Qiaoran Meng , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

The widespread adoption of open-source software (OSS) necessitates the mitigation of vulnerability risks. Most vulnerability detection (VD) methods are limited by inadequate contextual understanding, restrictive single-round interactions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Youpeng Li , Kartik Joshi , Xinda Wang , Eric Wong

Software vulnerabilities remain a significant risk factor in achieving security objectives within software development organizations. This is especially true where either proprietary or open-source software (OSS) is included in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 James J. Cusick

Identifying vulnerabilities in the source code is essential to protect the software systems from cyber security attacks. It, however, is also a challenging step that requires specialized expertise in security and code representation. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Van-Anh Nguyen , Dai Quoc Nguyen , Van Nguyen , Trung Le , Quan Hung Tran , Dinh Phung

Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool for vulnerability detection, often outperforming traditional solutions. However, developing effective DL models requires large amounts of real-world data, which can be difficult to obtain in…

The development of machine learning techniques for discovering software vulnerabilities relies fundamentally on the availability of appropriate datasets. The ideal dataset consists of a large and diverse collection of real-world…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sima Arasteh , Georgios Nikitopoulos , Wei-Cheng Wu , Nicolaas Weideman , Aaron Portnoy , Mukund Raghothaman , Christophe Hauser

The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element in the software development life cycle to ensure the security of software. While vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field, the identification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Andreas Schaad , Dominik Binder

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to automate real-world vulnerability detection due to two key limitations: the heterogeneity of vulnerability patterns undermines the effectiveness of a single unified model, and manual prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zihan Wu , Jie Xu , Yun Peng , Chun Yong Chong , Xiaohua Jia

Source code vulnerability detection aims to identify inherent vulnerabilities to safeguard software systems from potential attacks. Many prior studies overlook diverse vulnerability characteristics, simplifying the problem into a binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shangqing Liu , Wei Ma , Jian Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Ruitao Feng , Yang Liu

Security experts reverse engineer (decompile) binary code to identify critical security vulnerabilities. The limited access to source code in vital systems - such as firmware, drivers, and proprietary software used in Critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dylan Manuel , Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Ana Nunez , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

The increasing complexity of software systems has led to a surge in cybersecurity vulnerabilities, necessitating efficient and scalable solutions for vulnerability assessment. However, the deployment of large pre-trained models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Chaoyang Gao , Xiang Chen , Jiyu Wang , Jibin Wang , Guang Yang

Software vulnerabilities are major risks to software systems. Recently, researchers have proposed many deep learning approaches to detect software vulnerabilities. However, their accuracy is limited in practice. One of the main causes is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zeru Cheng , Yanjing Yang , He Zhang , Lanxin Yang , Jinghao Hu , Jinwei Xu , Bohan Liu , Haifeng Shen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) suggest great promises in code and proof generations. However, scaling automated formal verification to real-world projects requires resolving cross-module dependencies and global…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Si Cheng Zhong , Xujie Si

The use of learning-based techniques to achieve automated software vulnerability detection has been of longstanding interest within the software security domain. These data-driven solutions are enabled by large software vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Roland Croft , M. Ali Babar , Mehdi Kholoosi

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) still generate vulnerable code. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has the potential to enhance LLMs for secure code generation by incorporating external security knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiahao Shi , Tianyi Zhang

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), their applications have expanded into diverse fields, such as code assistance. However, the substantial size of LLMs makes their training highly resource- and time-intensive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Weiheng Bai , Keyang Xuan , Pengxiang Huang , Qiushi Wu , Jianing Wen , Jingjing Wu , Kangjie Lu