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Around the globe several observatories are seeking the first direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). These waves are predicted by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity [Einstein, A., Annalen der Physik 49, 769-822 (1916)] and are…
The purpose of this mock data and science challenge is to prepare the data analysis and science interpretation for the second generation of gravitational-wave experiments Advanced LIGO-Virgo in the search for a stochastic gravitational-wave…
The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at…
The ongoing global effort to detect gravitational waves continues to push the limits of precision measurement while aiming to provide a new tool for understanding both astrophysics and fundamental physics. Squeezed states of light offer a…
The quest to observe gravitational waves challenges our ability to discriminate signals from detector noise. This issue is especially relevant for transient gravitational waves searches with a robust eyes wide open approach, the so called…
Several large-scale interferometric gravitational-wave detectors use resonant arm cavities to enhance the light power in the interferometer arms. These cavities are based on different optical designs: One design uses wedged input mirrors to…
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed future gravitational wave detector. Its design is original, using a triangular orientation of three detectors and a xylophone configuration, splitting each detector into one high-frequency and one…
A relatively simple method of overcoming the Standard Quantum Limit in the next-generation Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detector is considered. It is based on the quantum variational measurement with a single short (a few tens of…
KAGRA is a new gravitational wave detector which aims to begin joint observation with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo from late 2019. Here, we present KAGRA's possible upgrade plans to improve the sensitivity in the decade ahead. Unlike…
Accurate and reliable calibration of the Advanced LIGO detectors has enabled a plethora of gravitational-wave discoveries in the detectors' first decade of operation, starting with the ground-breaking discovery, GW150914. In the first…
The gravitational waveform of merging binary neutron stars encodes information about extreme states of matter. Probing these gravitational emissions requires the gravitational-wave detectors to have high sensitivity above 1 kHz. Fortunately…
This article gives an overview of potential upgrades of second generation gravitational wave detectors and the required key technologies to improve the limiting noise sources. In addition the baseline design of the Einstein Telescope, a…
Advanced gravitational wave detectors use suspended test masses to form optical resonant cavities for enhancing the detector sensitivity. These cavities store hundreds of kilowatts of coherent light and even higher optical power for future…
The number of astrophysical sources detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo is expected to increase as the detectors approach their design sensitivity. Gravitational wave detectors are also sensitive to transient noise sources created by the…
The response of a cross-correlation measurement to an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background depends on the observing geometry via the overlap reduction function. If one of the detectors being correlated is a resonant bar whose…
As the sensitivities of LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA detectors improve, calibration of the interferometers output is becoming more and more important and may impact scientific results. For the observing run O3, Virgo used for the first time photon…
In order to achieve full detection sensitivity at low frequencies, the mirrors of interferometric gravitational wave detectors must be isolated from seismic noise. The VIRGO vibration isolator, called 'superattenuator', is fully effective…
Periodic (almost monochromatic) gravitational waves emitted by rotating, asymmetric neutron stars are intriguing potential signals in the sensitivity band of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. These signals are related to elastic…
Detecting a stationary, stochastic gravitational wave signal is complicated by impossibility of observing the detector noise independently of the signal. One consequence is that we require at least two detectors to observe the signal, which…
The application of higher-order Laguerre Gauss (LG) modes in large-scale gravitational wave detectors has recently been proposed. In comparison to the fundamental mode, some higher-order Laguerre Gauss modes can significantly reduce the…