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Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Task embedding, a meta-learning technique that captures task-specific information, has gained popularity, especially in areas such as multi-task learning, model editing, and interpretability. However, it faces challenges with the emergence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Xinyu Wang , Hainiu Xu , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Taxonomies represent hierarchical relations between entities, frequently applied in various software modeling and natural language processing (NLP) activities. They are typically subject to a set of structural constraints restricting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Boqi Chen , Fandi Yi , Dániel Varró

Domain modeling, a crucial part of model-driven engineering, demands extensive domain knowledge and experience from engineers. When the system description is highly complicated, the modeling task can become particularly challenging and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ru Chen , Jingwei Shen , Xiao He

Utilizing tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for grounding AI agents in real-world applications. The prevailing approach involves few-shot prompting with demonstrations or fine-tuning with expert annotations. However, mere…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiaohan Wang , Dian Li , Yilin Zhao , Sinbadliu , Hui Wang

We introduce Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as a framework for enhancing large language models (LLMs) through cognitive prompting in complex reasoning tasks. CMT leverages metaphorical mappings to structure abstract reasoning, improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Oliver Kramer

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao

Over-prompting, a phenomenon where excessive examples in prompts lead to diminished performance in Large Language Models (LLMs), challenges the conventional wisdom about in-context few-shot learning. To investigate this few-shot dilemma, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yongjian Tang , Doruk Tuncel , Christian Koerner , Thomas Runkler

Many recent prompting strategies for large language models (LLMs) query the model multiple times sequentially -- first to produce intermediate results and then the final answer. However, using these methods, both decoder and model are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on the quality of prompts, which are often manually engineered and task-specific, making them costly and non-scalable. We propose a novel approach, Supervisory Prompt Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jean Ghislain Billa , Min Oh , Liang Du

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at addressing straightforward reasoning tasks, they frequently struggle with difficulties when confronted by more complex multi-step reasoning due to a range of factors. Firstly, natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Kewei Cheng , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Theodore Willke , Yizhou Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in multi-step reasoning tasks, yet their reliance on extensive manual labeling to provide procedural feedback remains a significant impediment. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhaorun Chen , Zhuokai Zhao , Zhihong Zhu , Ruiqi Zhang , Xiang Li , Bhiksha Raj , Huaxiu Yao

Pre-trained language models derive substantial linguistic and factual knowledge from the massive corpora on which they are trained, and prompt engineering seeks to align these models to specific tasks. Unfortunately, existing prompt…

Prompts are the interface for eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Understanding their structure and components is critical for analyzing LLM behavior and optimizing performance. However, the field lacks a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sullam Jeoung , Yueyan Chen , Yi Zhang , Shuai Wang , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

In this paper, we present our finding that prepending a Task-Agnostic Prefix Prompt (TAPP) to the input improves the instruction-following ability of various Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. TAPP is different from canonical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Seonghyeon Ye , Hyeonbin Hwang , Sohee Yang , Hyeongu Yun , Yireun Kim , Minjoon Seo

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks depends heavily on prompt design, with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and self-consistency being critical methods that enhance this ability. However, these methods do not fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chuanyang Zheng , Zhengying Liu , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

Large language models (LLMs) enable strong text generation, and in general there is a practical tradeoff between fine-tuning and prompt engineering. We introduce Simplify-This, a comparative study evaluating both paradigms for text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Eilam Cohen , Itamar Bul , Danielle Inbar , Omri Loewenbach

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable emergent capabilities, transforming the execution of functional tasks by leveraging external tools for complex problems that require specialized processing or up-to-date data. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Wenjun Li , Dexun Li , Kuicai Dong , Cong Zhang , Hao Zhang , Weiwen Liu , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu