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Under certain conditions usually fulfilled in classical mechanics, the principle of conservation of linear momentum and Newton's third law are equivalent. However, the demonstration of this fact is usually incomplete in textbooks. We shall…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo A. Diaz , William J. Herrera

From a study of conserved quantities of the so-called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) we propose an alternative to this theory. We show that this proposal is consistent with the Tully-Fisher law, has conserved quantities whose Newtonian…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan M. Romero , Adolfo Zamora

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) deals with the relativistic interaction of bosonic gauge fields and fermionic charged particles. In QED, global conservation laws of angular momentum for light-matter interactions are well-known. However, local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Farhad Khosravi , Li-Ping Yang , Pronoy Das , Zubin Jacob

In this paper of "The Epistemology of Contemporary Physics" series we investigate Newton's third law and discuss and analyze its epistemological significance from some aspects with special attention to its relation to the principle of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Taha Sochi

Most of the logical objections against the classical laws of motion, as they are usually presented in textbooks, centre on the fact that defining force in terms of mass and acceleration, the first two laws are mere assertions of concepts to…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R Assumpcao

Conservation principles are essential to describe and quantify dynamical processes in all areas of physics. Classically, a conservation law holds because the description of reality can be considered independent of an observation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Stanisław Sołtan , Mateusz Frączak , Wolfgang Belzig , Adam Bednorz

Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) provides an efficient way to summarize phenomenology of galaxies which does not lean on the notion of dark matter; it has great predictive power. Here I briefly review MOND as well as its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-22 Jacob D. Bekenstein

Within the first quantisation of Maxwell's equations, we introduce the dynamic energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and optical spin of the electromagnetic fields. We show that these different quantities are conserved during the…

Optics · Physics 2010-03-23 Michael Mazilu

Conservation laws are the pillars of physics. It's what we held on to when our imagination was challenged during the days of relativity or quantum mechanics. Their violation leads to the most absurd models, so excellently exercised in the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Matthias Ferdinand Schneider

It is demonstrated that energy conservation allows for a straight derivation of Newtonian mechanics without an apriori definition of the concept of work. Furthermore it is shown that energy must be depicted as a function of position and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 C. Baumgarten

We apply the principle of energy conservation to the motion of the test particle in gravitational field by requiring that its energy, gained by gravitation, has to be balanced by decrease of its rest mass. Due to the change of mass in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Majernik

We analyze the interaction between quantum matter and classical objects through a general effective channel for hybrid dynamics, subject to the fundamental constraint that no quantum correlations can be generated between the classical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Tianfeng Feng , Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

The existence of conservation laws is one of the most important requirement of physical theories. Some of them, like energy conservation, knows no experimental exception. However, the generalization of these conservation laws to curved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-24 J. C. Fabris

Conservation laws are well-established in the context of Euclidean gradient flow dynamics, notably for linear or ReLU neural network training. Yet, their existence and principles for non-Euclidean geometries and momentum-based dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Sibylle Marcotte , Rémi Gribonval , Gabriel Peyré

We demonstrate, both at the Newtonian and (general) relativistic levels, the existence of a generalization of Kelvin's circulation theorem (for pure fluids) which is applicable to perfect magnetohydrodynamics. The argument is based on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Jacob D. Bekenstein , Asaf Oron

Modified Newtonian Dynamics is an empirical modification to Poisson's equation which has had success in accounting for the `gravitational field' $\Phi$ in a variety of astrophysical systems. The field $\Phi$ may be interpreted in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 C. Skordis , T. G. Zlosnik

In some cases, it is possible to show the conservation of energy by using equations of motion in mechanics. By considering these results, some people can think that the conservation of energy is the result of equations of motion or Newton's…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Vedat Tanriverdi

We consider chiral fluids within the standard framework of a chiral-invariant underlying field theory, anomalous in presence of electromagnetic fields. Apart from the Noether axial current of the underlying theory, in the limit of ideal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-29 V. I. Zakharov

Conservation principles establish the primacy of potentials over fields in electrodynamics, both classical and quantum. The contrary conclusion that fields are primary is based on the Newtonian concept that forces completely determine…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 H. R. Reiss

The debate on conservation laws in general relativity eighty years ago is reviewed and restudied. The physical meaning of the identities in the conservation laws for matter plus gravitational field is reexamined and new interpretations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Fang-Pei Chen
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