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Foundational to the Chinese language and culture, Chinese characters encompass extraordinarily extensive and ever-expanding categories, with the latest Chinese GB18030-2022 standard containing 87,887 categories. The accurate recognition of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuyi Zhang , Yongxin Shi , Peirong Zhang , Yixin Zhao , Zhenhua Yang , Lianwen Jin

Recognition of ancient Tamil characters has always been a challenge for epigraphers. This is primarily because the language has evolved over the several centuries and the character set over this time has both expanded and diversified. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Lalitha Giridhar , Aishwarya Dharani and , Velmathi Guruviah

Chinese dynastic histories form a large continuous linguistic space of approximately 2000 years, from the 3rd century BCE to the 18th century CE. The histories are documented in Classical (Literary) Chinese in a corpus of over 20 million…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sergey Zinin , Yang Xu

This paper presents a novel approach to Chinese characters through the lens of physics, network analysis, and natural systems. Computational analysis of over 6,000 characters identified 422 elemental characters as fundamental building…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-28 Wen G. Gong

Bronze inscriptions (BI), engraved on ritual vessels, constitute a crucial stage of early Chinese writing and provide indispensable evidence for archaeological and historical studies. However, automatic BI recognition remains difficult due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Rixin Zhou , Peiqiang Qiu , Qian Zhang , Chuntao Li , Xi Yang

The Houma Alliance Book, one of history's earliest calligraphic examples, was unearthed in the 1970s. These artifacts were meticulously organized, reproduced, and copied by the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xiaoyu Yuan , Xiaohua Huang , Zibo Zhang , Yabo Sun

Comprehension of ancient texts plays an important role in archaeology and understanding of Chinese history and civilization. The rapid development of large language models needs benchmarks that can evaluate their comprehension of ancient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhihan Zhou , Daqian Shi , Rui Song , Lida Shi , Xiaolei Diao , Hao Xu

This study presents a multi-modal multi-granularity tokenizer specifically designed for analyzing ancient Chinese scripts, focusing on the Chu bamboo slip (CBS) script used during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period (771-256…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yingfa Chen , Chenlong Hu , Cong Feng , Chenyang Song , Shi Yu , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

We introduce Chinese Text in the Wild, a very large dataset of Chinese text in street view images. While optical character recognition (OCR) in document images is well studied and many commercial tools are available, detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Tai-Ling Yuan , Zhe Zhu , Kun Xu , Cheng-Jun Li , Shi-Min Hu

Ancient manuscripts are the primary source of ancient linguistic corpora. However, many ancient manuscripts exhibit duplications due to unintentional repeated publication or deliberate forgery. The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chongsheng Zhang , Shuwen Wu , Yingqi Chen , Yi Men , Gaojuan Fan , Matthias Aßenmacher , Christian Heumann , João Gama

Determining the chronology of ancient handwritten manuscripts is essential for reconstructing the evolution of ideas. For the Dead Sea Scrolls, this is particularly important. However, there is an almost complete lack of date-bearing…

In recent years, rapid advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have increasingly stimulated research on ancient Chinese scripts. As the evolution of written characters constitutes a fundamental pathway for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Rui Song , Lida Shi , Ruihua Qi , Yingji Li , Hao Xu

Chinese paleography, the study of ancient Chinese writing, is undergoing a computational turn powered by artificial intelligence. This position paper charts the trajectory of this emerging field, arguing that it is evolving from automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yiran Rex Ma

We introduce OBI-Bench, a holistic benchmark crafted to systematically evaluate large multi-modal models (LMMs) on whole-process oracle bone inscriptions (OBI) processing tasks demanding expert-level domain knowledge and deliberate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Wenjun Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Research on the attribute information of calligraphy, such as styles, dynasties, and calligraphers, holds significant cultural and historical value. However, the styles of Chinese calligraphy characters have evolved dramatically through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yixin Zhao , Yuyi Zhang , Lianwen Jin

Understanding what linguistic components (e.g., phonological, semantic, and orthographic systems) modulate Chinese handwriting at the character, radical, and stroke levels remains an important yet understudied topic. Additionally, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zebo Xu , Shaoyun Yu , Mark Torrance , Guido Nottbusch , Nan Zhao , Zhenguang Cai

Kurdish libraries have many historical publications that were printed back in the early days when printing devices were brought to Kurdistan. Having a good Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to help process these publications and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Blnd Yaseen , Hossein Hassani

This project undertakes the training and analysis of optical character recognition OCR methods applied to 10th century ancient Tamil inscriptions discovered on the walls of the Brihadeeswarar Temple.The chosen OCR methods include…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Velmathi G , Shangavelan M , Harish D , Krithikshun M S

The objective of the paper is to recognize handwritten samples of basic Bangla characters using Tesseract open source Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine under Apache License 2.0. Handwritten data samples containing isolated Bangla…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-03-31 Sandip Rakshit , Debkumar Ghosal , Tanmoy Das , Subhrajit Dutta , Subhadip Basu

Chinese is one of the most widely used languages in the world, yet online handwritten Chinese character recognition (OLHCCR) remains challenging. To recognize Chinese characters, one popular choice is to adopt the 2D convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Ji Gan , Weiqiang Wang , Ke Lu