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Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have made great achievements in recent years thanks to the efforts from both academia and industry. A typical ADS is composed of multiple modules, including sensing, perception, planning, and control, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Shuncheng Tang , Zhenya Zhang , Yi Zhang , Jixiang Zhou , Yan Guo , Shuang Liu , Shengjian Guo , Yan-Fu Li , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Yang Liu

The environmental perception of an autonomous vehicle is limited by its physical sensor ranges and algorithmic performance, as well as by occlusions that degrade its understanding of an ongoing traffic situation. This not only poses a…

The effectiveness of autonomous vehicles relies on reliable perception capabilities. Despite significant advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor fusion technologies, current single-vehicle perception systems continue to encounter…

While the most visible part of the safety verification process of automated vehicles concerns the planning and control system, it is often overlooked that safety of the latter crucially depends on the fault-tolerance of the preceding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Cornelius Buerkle , Florian Geissler , Michael Paulitsch , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

Autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles' perception algorithms can encounter situations with erroneous object detection, such as misclassification of objects on the road, which can lead to safety violations and potentially fatal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Viren Khandal , Arth Vidyarthi

While most recent autonomous driving system focuses on developing perception methods on ego-vehicle sensors, people tend to overlook an alternative approach to leverage intelligent roadside cameras to extend the perception ability beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Lei Yang , Kaicheng Yu , Tao Tang , Jun Li , Kun Yuan , Li Wang , Xinyu Zhang , Peng Chen

The rapid adoption of micromobility solutions, particularly two-wheeled vehicles like e-scooters and e-bikes, has created an urgent need for reliable autonomous riding (AR) technologies. While autonomous driving (AD) systems have matured…

Collaborative perception has attracted growing interest from academia and industry due to its potential to enhance perception accuracy, safety, and robustness in autonomous driving through multi-agent information fusion. With the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Naibang Wang , Deyong Shang , Yan Gong , Xiaoxi Hu , Ziying Song , Lei Yang , Yuhan Huang , Xiaoyu Wang , Jianli Lu

The technology in the area of automated vehicles is gaining speed and promises many advantages. However, with the recent introduction of conditionally automated driving, we have also seen accidents. Test protocols for both, conditionally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Alessia Knauss , Jan Schröder , Christian Berger , Henrik Eriksson

Accurate lane detection is essential for automated driving, enabling safe and reliable vehicle navigation across a variety of road scenarios. Numerous datasets have been introduced to support the development and evaluation of lane detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jörg Gamerdinger , Sven Teufel , Oliver Bringmann

Autonomous driving, in recent years, has been receiving increasing attention for its potential to relieve drivers' burdens and improve the safety of driving. In modern autonomous driving pipelines, the perception system is an indispensable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Jiageng Mao , Shaoshuai Shi , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li

The safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) depends on accurate perception across distance and driving conditions. The outputs of AI perception algorithms are stochastic, which have a major impact on decision making and safety outcomes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Zhengzhi Lin , Lanxin Xiang , Loren Stowe , Feng Guo

Self-driving vehicles are a maturing technology with the potential to reshape mobility by enhancing the safety, accessibility, efficiency, and convenience of automotive transportation. Safety-critical tasks that must be executed by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Brian Paden , Michal Cap , Sze Zheng Yong , Dmitry Yershov , Emilio Frazzoli

Environment perception is the task for intelligent vehicles on which all subsequent steps rely. A key part of perception is to safely detect other road users such as vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists. With modern deep learning techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Florian Kraus , Klaus Dietmayer

As automated vehicles and their technology become more advanced and technically sophisticated, evaluation procedures that can measure the safety and reliability of these new driverless cars must develop far beyond existing safety tests. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Ding Zhao , Huei Peng

Perception of other road users is a crucial task for intelligent vehicles. Perception systems can use on-board sensors only or be in cooperation with other vehicles or with roadside units. In any case, the performance of perception systems…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Rémy Huet , Antoine Lima , Philippe Xu , Véronique Cherfaoui , Philippe Bonnifait

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

Lane detection is an essential part of the perception sub-architecture of any automated driving (AD) or advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). When focusing on low-cost, large scale products for automated driving, model-driven approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Thomas Michalke , Di Feng , Claudius Gläser , Fabian Timm

This survey offers a comprehensive examination of collaborative perception datasets in the context of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). It highlights the latest developments in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Melih Yazgan , Mythra Varun Akkanapragada , J. Marius Zoellner

In this work we present a method for performance evaluation of stereo vision based obstacle detection techniques that takes into account the specifics of road situation analysis to minimize the effort required to prepare a test dataset.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-04 A. A. Smagina , D. A. Shepelev , E. I. Ershov , A. S. Grigoryev