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Pretraining has become a standard technique in computer vision and natural language processing, which usually helps to improve performance substantially. Previously, the most dominant pretraining method is transfer learning (TL), which uses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Xingyi Yang , Xuehai He , Yuxiao Liang , Yue Yang , Shanghang Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data during training to learn better models. Previous studies on SSL for medical image segmentation focused mostly on improving model generalization to unseen data. In some applications,…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful framework to learn representations from raw data without supervision. Yet in practice, engineers face issues such as instability in tuning optimizers and collapse of representations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-02 Vivien Cabannes , Bobak T. Kiani , Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun , Alberto Bietti

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) alleviates the cost of data labeling process by exploiting unlabeled data and has achieved promising results. Meanwhile, with the development of large foundation models, exploiting pre-trained models becomes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Song-Lin Lv , Rui Zhu , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods targeting scene images have seen a rapid growth recently, and they mostly rely on either a dedicated dense matching mechanism or a costly unsupervised object discovery module. This paper shows that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ke Zhu , Minghao Fu , Jianxin Wu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is recognized as an essential tool for building foundation models for Artificial Intelligence applications. The advances in SSL have been made thanks to vigorous arguments about the principles of SSL and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Josef Kittler , Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais

Over-parameterized neural language models (LMs) can memorize and recite long sequences of training data. While such memorization is normally associated with undesired properties such as overfitting and information leaking, our work casts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Samuel Stevens , Yu Su

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become the de facto training paradigm of large models where pre-training is followed by supervised fine-tuning using domain-specific data and labels. Hypothesizing that SSL models would learn more generic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Sofia Yfantidou , Dimitris Spathis , Marios Constantinides , Athena Vakali , Daniele Quercia , Fahim Kawsar

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms provide an efficient way to make use of both labelled and unlabelled data, they generally struggle when the number of annotated samples is very small. In this work, we consider the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Sebastien Ehrhardt , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently allowed leveraging large datasets of unlabeled speech signals to reach impressive performance on speech tasks using only small amounts of annotated data. The high number of proposed approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Salah Zaiem , Youcef Kemiche , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Mirco Ravanelli

Self-supervised learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm. Compared to supervised learning which leverages high-quality labeled datasets, self-supervised learning relies on unlabeled datasets to pre-train powerful encoders which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Yang Zhang

Simplicial Embeddings (SEM) are representations learned through self-supervised learning (SSL), wherein a representation is projected into $L$ simplices of $V$ dimensions each using a softmax operation. This procedure conditions the…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the challenge of limited labeled data in deep neural networks (DNNs), offering scalability potential. However, the impact of design dependencies within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shruthi Gowda , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown remarkable performance in computer vision tasks when trained offline. However, in a Continual Learning (CL) scenario where new data is introduced progressively, models still suffer from catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Chi Ian Tang , Lorena Qendro , Dimitris Spathis , Fahim Kawsar , Cecilia Mascolo , Akhil Mathur

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has gained traction for its ability to learn rich representations with low labeling costs, applicable across diverse downstream tasks. However, assessing the downstream-task performance remains challenging due…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Takashi Maekaku , Keita Goto , Jinchuan Tian , Yusuke Shinohara , Shinji Watanabe

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve performance by exploiting unlabeled data when labels are scarce. Conventional SSL studies typically assume close environments where important factors (e.g., label, feature, distribution)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lan-Zhe Guo , Lin-Han Jia , Jie-Jing Shao , Yu-Feng Li

Recommender systems play a crucial role in tackling the challenge of information overload by delivering personalized recommendations based on individual user preferences. Deep learning techniques, such as RNNs, GNNs, and Transformer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xubin Ren , Wei Wei , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is an increasingly popular ML paradigm that trains models to transform complex inputs into representations without relying on explicit labels. These representations encode similarity structures that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Adam Dziedzic , Nikita Dhawan , Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem , Jonas Guan , Nicolas Papernot

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective method for exploiting unlabelled data to learn a high-level embedding space that can be used for various downstream tasks. However, existing methods to monitor the quality of the encoder --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Isaac Xu , Scott Lowe , Thomas Trappenberg

The problem of fully supervised classification is that it requires a tremendous amount of annotated data, however, in many datasets a large portion of data is unlabeled. To alleviate this problem semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ehsan Kazemi