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Verifying the provenance of content is crucial to the functioning of many organizations, e.g., educational institutions, social media platforms, and firms. This problem is becoming increasingly challenging as text generated by Large…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Tara Radvand , Mojtaba Abdolmaleki , Mohamed Mostagir , Ambuj Tewari

The rise of LLMs (Large Language Models) has contributed to the improved performance and development of cutting-edge NLP applications. However, these can also pose risks when used maliciously, such as spreading fake news, harmful content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lucía Yan Wu , Isabel Segura-Bedmar

Large language models (LLMs) have notably enhanced the fluency and diversity of machine-generated text. However, this progress also presents a significant challenge in detecting the origin of a given text, and current research on detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Xianjun Yang , Wei Cheng , Yue Wu , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Haifeng Chen

The recent large-scale emergence of LLMs has left an open space for dealing with their consequences, such as plagiarism or the spread of false information on the Internet. Coupling this with the rise of AI detector bypassing tools, reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Andrii Shportko , Inessa Verbitsky

With the advent of fluent generative language models that can produce convincing utterances very similar to those written by humans, distinguishing whether a piece of text is machine-generated or human-written becomes more challenging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Justus Mattern , Sicun Gao , Reza Shokri , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) by demonstrating an impressive ability to generate human-like text. However, their widespread usage introduces challenges that necessitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He

General large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable success, but it has also raised concerns among people about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Therefore, an important question is how to detect whether the texts are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Rongsheng Wang , Qi Li , Sihong Xie

Existing methods for the zero-shot detection of machine-generated text are dominated by three statistical quantities: log-likelihood, log-rank, and entropy. As language models mimic the distribution of human text ever closer, this will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tom Kempton , Stuart Burrell , Connor Cheverall

Peer review is a critical process for ensuring the integrity of published scientific research. Confidence in this process is predicated on the assumption that experts in the relevant domain give careful consideration to the merits of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sungduk Yu , Man Luo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

It has been shown that finetuned transformers and other supervised detectors effectively distinguish between human and machine-generated text in some situations arXiv:2305.13242, but we find that even simple classifiers on top of n-gram and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hope McGovern , Rickard Stureborg , Yoshi Suhara , Dimitris Alikaniotis

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, has resulted in the widespread presence of LLM-generated content on social media platforms, raising concerns about misinformation, data biases, and privacy violations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Cheng , Li Zhou , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

The advent of instruction-tuned language models that convincingly mimic human writing poses a significant risk of abuse. However, such abuse may be counteracted with the ability to detect whether a piece of text was composed by a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Rafael Rivera Soto , Kailin Koch , Aleem Khan , Barry Chen , Marcus Bishop , Nicholas Andrews

As LLMs rapidly advance, increasing concerns arise regarding risks about actual authorship of texts we see online and in real world. The task of distinguishing LLM-authored texts is complicated by the nuanced and overlapping behaviors of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jiazhou Ji , Ruizhe Li , Shujun Li , Jie Guo , Weidong Qiu , Zheng Huang , Chiyu Chen , Xiaoyu Jiang , Xinru Lu

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), the use of Machine-Generated Text (MGT) has become increasingly common, bringing with it potential risks, especially in terms of quality and integrity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Qihui Zhang , Chujie Gao , Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Yixin Huang , Zhenyang Sun , Shilin Zhang , Weiye Li , Zhengyan Fu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has blurred the line between AI-generated and human-written text. This progress brings societal risks such as misinformation, authorship ambiguity, and intellectual property concerns,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaowei Zhu , Yubing Ren , Fang Fang , Qingfeng Tan , Shi Wang , Yanan Cao

The rise of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has significantly improved automated code generation, enhancing software development efficiency. However, this introduces challenges in academia, particularly in distinguishing between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Significant progress has been made on text generation by pre-trained language models (PLMs), yet distinguishing between human and machine-generated text poses an escalating challenge. This paper offers an in-depth evaluation of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda

ChatGPT has become a global sensation. As ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) emerge, concerns of misusing them in various ways increase, such as disseminating fake news, plagiarism, manipulating public opinion, cheating, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Alessandro Pegoraro , Kavita Kumari , Hossein Fereidooni , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Large Language Model (LLM)-based judgments leverage powerful LLMs to efficiently evaluate candidate content and provide judgment scores. However, the inherent biases and vulnerabilities of LLM-generated judgments raise concerns,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Bohan Jiang , Baixiang Huang , Pingchuan Ma , Abdullah Alnaibari , Kai Shu , Huan Liu