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The notion of standard positive probability distribution function (tomogram) which describes the quantum state of universe alternatively to wave function or to density matrix is introduced. Connection of the tomographic probability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 V. I. Manko , G. Marmo , C. Stornaiolo

The probability representation of states in standard quantum mechanics where the quantum states are associated with fair probability distributions (instead of wave function or density matrix) is shortly commented and bibliography related to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Man'ko , O. V. Pilyavets , V. G. Zborovskii

The tomographic approach to quantum mechanics is revisited as a direct tool to investigate violation of Bell-like inequalities. Since quantum tomograms are well defined probability distributions, the tomographic approach is emphasized to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Lupo , V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo

Probability representation entropy (tomographic entropy) of arbitrary quantum state is introduced. Using the properties of spin tomogram to be standard probability distribution function the tomographic entropy notion is discussed. Relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. V. Man'ko , V. I. Man'ko

In quantum physics, the density operator completely describes the state. Instead, in classical physics the mean value of every physical quantity is evaluated by means of a probability distribution. We study the possibility to describe pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Alberto Montina

The relation of the Wigner function with the fair probability distribution called tomographic distribution or quantum tomogram associated with the quantum state is reviewed. The connection of the tomographic picture of quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Margarita A. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

Modern day quantum simulators can prepare a wide variety of quantum states but the accurate estimation of observables from tomographic measurement data often poses a challenge. We tackle this problem by developing a quantum state tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Tobias Schmale , Moritz Reh , Martin Gärttner

Under ideal conditions, the probability density function (PDF) of a random variable, such as a sensor measurement, would be well known and amenable to computation and communication tasks. However, this is often not the case, so the user…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-29 Shane Lubold , Clark N. Taylor

The coherent and Fock states of a charge moving in varying homogeneous magnetic field are studied in the tomographic probability representation of quantum mechanics. The states are expressed in terms of quantum tomograms. The coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 V. I. Man'ko , E. D. Zhebrak

The state $\rho$ of a quantum system can be represented by a vector $\mathbf{P}_{\mathcal{M}}(\rho)$ of outcome probabilities for a set of measurements $\mathcal{M}$. Such representations appear throughout physics, for example, in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ladina Hausmann , Renato Renner

Quantum state tomography--the practice of estimating a quantum state by performing measurements on it--is useful in a variety of contexts. We introduce "gentle tomography" as a version of tomography that preserves the measured quantum data.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles H. Bennett , Aram W. Harrow , Seth Lloyd

We quantitatively study the probability distribution function (PDF) of cosmological nonlinear density fluctuations from N-body simulations with Gaussian initial condition. In particular, we examine the validity and limitations of one-point…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Issha Kayo , Atsushi Taruya , Yasushi Suto

The tomographic description of a quantum state is formulated in an abstract infinite dimensional Hilbert space framework, the space of the Hilbert-Schmidt linear operators, with trace formula as scalar product. Resolutions of the unity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo , A. Simoni , F. Ventriglia

A new control method that considers all sources of uncertainty and noises that might affect the time evolutions of quantum physical systems is introduced. Under the proposed approach, the dynamics of quantum systems are characterised by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-01 Randa Herzallah , Abdessamad Belfakir

Starting from a new principle inspired by quantum tomography rather than from Born's rule, this paper gives a self-contained deductive approach to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement. A suggestive notion for what constitutes a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Arnold Neumaier

The probability representation of quantum mechanics including propagators and tomograms of quantum states of the universe and its application to quantum gravity and cosmology are reviewed. The minisuperspaces modeled by oscillator, free…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmoand C. Stornaiolo

Quantum state tomography is an essential tool for the characterization and verification of quantum states. However, as it cannot be directly applied to systems with more than a few qubits, efficient tomography of larger states on mid-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Yotam Y. Lifshitz , Eyal Bairey , Eli Arbel , Gadi Aleksandrowicz , Haggai Landa , Itai Arad

Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging. Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling. However, general and practical quantum…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Yiran Bai , Feng Xiong , Xueheng Kuang

In the context of quantum tomography, we recently introduced a quantity called a partial determinant \cite{jackson2015detecting}. PDs (partial determinants) are explicit functions of the collected data which are sensitive to the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Christopher Jackson , Steven van Enk

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…