Related papers: Biquandle Power Brackets
We introduce a six-variable polynomial invariant of Niebrzydowski tribrackets analogous to quandle,rack and biquandle polynomials. Using the subtribrackets of a tribracket, we additionally define subtribracket polynomials and establish a…
We introduce a new algebraic structure called \textit{local biquandles} and show how colorings of oriented classical link diagrams and of broken surface diagrams are related to tribracket colorings. We define a (co)homology theory for local…
We construct the new non-trivial state--sum invariants for virtual knots and links by a generalization of the powerful Carter--Saito--Jelsovsky--Kamada--Langford theorem for classical knots. The main result of this work is based on…
In this paper, we build on the biquasiles and dual graph diagrams introduced in arXiv:1610.06969. We introduce \textit{biquasile Boltzmann weights} that enhance the previous knot coloring invariant defined in terms of finite biquasiles and…
We consider families of chain-cochain infinite complexes $\mathcal C$ of spaces with elements depending on a number of parameters, and endowed with a converging associative multiple product. The existence of left/right local/non-local…
We define and study a bigraded knot invariant whose Euler characteristic is the Alexander polynomial, closely connected to knot Floer homology. The invariant is the homology of a chain complex whose generators correspond to Kauffman states…
We construct a novel invariant of braids and knots, secant-quandle (SQ),with generic secants serving as generators and generic horizontal trisecants serving as relations, i.e., $SQ = \Gamma \left< \mathcal{S}_M\mid…
Coloring numbers are one of the simplest combinatorial invariants of knots and links to describe. And with Joyce's introduction of quandles, we can understand them more algebraically. But can we extend these invariants to tangles -- knots…
We construct a virtual quandle for links in lens spaces $L(p,q)$, with $q=1$. This invariant has two valuable advantages over an ordinary fundamental quandle for links in lens spaces: the virtual quandle is an essential invariant and the…
In this short survey we review recent results dealing with algebraic structures (quandles, psyquandles, and singquandles) related to singular knot theory. We first explore the singquandles counting invariant and then consider several recent…
The ``Links-Gould invariant'' is a two-variable Laurent polynomial invariant of oriented (1,1) tangles, which is derived from the representation of the braid generator associated with the one-parameter family of four dimensional…
In this paper we define and give examples of a family of polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links. They arise by considering certain 2$\times$2 matrices with entries in a possibly non-commutative ring, for example the quaternions.…
The state-sum invariants for knots and knotted surfaces defined from quandle cocycles are described using the Kronecker product between cycles represented by colored knot diagrams and a cocycle of a finite quandle used to color the diagram.…
Multi-virtual knot theory was introduced in $2024$ by the first author. In this paper, we initiate the study of algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links. After determining a generating set of (oriented) multi-virtual Reidemeister moves,…
For an infinite chain bicomplex we show that the orthogonality and grading conditions provide it with the structure of a bigraded differential algebra with respect to a natural multiplication of several elements bicomplex spaces.…
In this paper we give the results of a computer search for biracks of small size and we give various interpretations of these findings. The list includes biquandles, racks and quandles together with new invariants of welded knots and…
We introduce and study knots and links in 2-dimensional complexes. In particular, we define linking numbers for oriented two-component links in 2-complexes and a Kauffman-type bracket polynomial for links in 2-complexes. We also discuss…
Biquandles are algebraic objects with two binary operations whose axioms encode the generalized Reidemeister moves for virtual knots and links. These objects also provide set-theoretic solutions of the well-known Yang-Baxter equation. The…
We introduce \textit{dual graph diagrams} representing oriented knots and links. We use these combinatorial structures to define corresponding algebraic structures we call \textit{biquasiles} whose axioms are motivated by dual graph…
We introduce the notion of quasi-triviality of quandles and define homology of quasi-trivial quandles. Quandle cocycle invariants are invariant under link-homotopy if they are associated with 2-cocycles of quasi-trivial quandles. We thus…