Related papers: The Bayes factor surface for searches for new phys…
No surface is perfectly planar at all scales. The notion of flatness of a surface therefore depends on the size of the probe used to observe it. As a consequence rough interfaces are abundant in nature. Here the old, but still active field…
Strong gravitational lenses are unique cosmological probes. These produce multiple images of a single source. Whether a single galaxy, a group or a cluster, extracting cosmologically relevant information requires an accurate modeling of the…
The evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A general picture emerges, where both baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter is needed to explain current observations. In particular, a wealth of observational…
When performing Bayesian inference, we frequently need to work with conditional probability densities. For example, the posterior function is the conditional density of the parameters given the data. Some might worry that conditional…
We examine the ability of future facilities to discover and interpret non-supersymmetric new phenomena. We first explore explicit manifestations of new physics, including extended gauge sectors, leptoquarks, exotic fermions, and technicolor…
Random effects are the gold standard for capturing structural heterogeneity in data, such as spatial dependencies, individual differences, or temporal dependencies. However, testing for their presence is challenging, as it involves a…
We study biasing as a physical phenomenon by analysing power spectra (PS) and correlation functions (CF) of simulated galaxy samples and dark matter (DM) samples. We apply an algorithm based on the local densities of particles, $\rho$, to…
We describe Bayes factors based on z, t, $\chi^2$, and F statistics when non-local moment prior distributions are used to define alternative hypotheses. The non-local alternative prior distributions are centered on standardized effects. The…
Recently there has been a huge activity in the dark matter direct detection field, with the report of an excess from CoGeNT and CRESST along with the annual modulated signal of DAMA/Libra and the strong exclusion bound from XENON100. We…
{We study biasing as a physical phenomenon by analysing geometrical and clustering properties of density fields of matter and galaxies.} {Our goal is to determine the bias function using a combination of geometrical and power spectrum…
Standard Model extensions often predict low-mass and very weakly interacting particles, such as the axion. A number of small-scale experiments at the intensity/precision frontier are actively searching for these elusive particles,…
Soft interfaces can mediate interactions between particles bound to them. The force transmitted through the surface geometry on a particle may be expressed as a closed line integral of the surface stress tensor around that particle. This…
A core level of basic information for physics is identified, based on an analysis of the characteristics of the parameters space, time, mass and charge. At this level, it is found that certain symmetries operate, which can be used to…
Bayesian inference gets its name from *Bayes's theorem*, expressing posterior probabilities for hypotheses about a data generating process as the (normalized) product of prior probabilities and a likelihood function. But Bayesian inference…
A comprehensive artificial intelligence system needs to not only perceive the environment with different `senses' (e.g., seeing and hearing) but also infer the world's conditional (or even causal) relations and corresponding uncertainty.…
By introducing Crossing functions and hyper-parameters I show that the Bayesian interpretation of the Crossing Statistics [1] can be used trivially for the purpose of model selection among cosmological models. In this approach to falsify a…
High energy physics aims to understand the fundamental laws of particles and their interactions at both the largest and smallest scales of the universe. This typically means probing very high energies or large distances or using…
Bayes's rule deals with hard evidence, that is, we can calculate the probability of event $A$ occuring given that event $B$ has occurred. Soft evidence, on the other hand, involves a degree of uncertainty about whether event $B$ has…
The Bayes factor is the gold-standard figure of merit for comparing fits of models to data, for hypothesis selection and parameter estimation. However it is little used because it is computationally very intensive. Here it is shown how…
Nuclear and neutron matters are investigated in the low density region, well below the nuclear saturation density. Microscopic calculations, based on the Bethe-Brueckner approach with a few realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, are compared…