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Probabilistic resource adequacy assessment is a cornerstone of modern capacity accreditation. This paper develops a gradient-based framework, in which capacity accreditation is interpreted as the directional derivative of a probabilistic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Qian Zhang , Feng Zhao , Gord Stephen , Chanan Singh , Le Xie

The celebrated Expected Shortfall (ES) optimization formula implies that ES at a fixed probability level is the minimum of a linear real function plus a scaled mean excess function. We establish a reverse ES optimization formula, which says…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-05-23 Yuanying Guan , Zhanyi Jiao , Ruodu Wang

We discuss the coherence properties of Expected Shortfall (ES) as a financial risk measure. This statistic arises in a natural way from the estimation of the "average of the 100p % worst losses" in a sample of returns to a portfolio. Here p…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-12-31 Carlo Acerbi , Dirk Tasche

Principal component analysis is a simple yet useful dimensionality reduction technique in modern machine learning pipelines. In consequential domains such as college admission, healthcare and credit approval, it is imperative to take into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Hieu Vu , Toan Tran , Man-Chung Yue , Viet Anh Nguyen

We define and develop an approach for risk budgeting allocation - a risk diversification portfolio strategy - where risk is measured using a dynamic time-consistent risk measure. For this, we introduce a notion of dynamic risk contributions…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-01 Silvana M. Pesenti , Sebastian Jaimungal , Yuri F. Saporito , Rodrigo S. Targino

Many forecasts consist not of point predictions but concern the evolution of quantities. For example, a central bank might predict the interest rates during the next quarter, an epidemiologist might predict trajectories of infection rates,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-12 Patric Bonnier , Harald Oberhauser

The dependency structure of credit risk parameters is a key driver for capital consumption and receives regulatory and scientific attention. The impact of parameter imperfections on the quality of expected loss (EL) in the sense of a fair,…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-10-03 Wolfgang Reitgruber

In financial risk management, Value at Risk (VaR) is widely used to estimate potential portfolio losses. VaR's limitation is its inability to account for the magnitude of losses beyond a certain threshold. Expected Shortfall (ES) addresses…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-10 Federico Gatta , Fabrizio Lillo , Piero Mazzarisi

This paper reveals that a common and central role, played in many error bound (EB) conditions and a variety of gradient-type methods, is a residual measure operator. On one hand, by linking this operator with other optimality measures, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-17 Hui Zhang

In the context of risk measures, the capital allocation problem is widely studied in the literature where different approaches have been developed, also in connection with cooperative game theory and systemic risk. Although static capital…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Emanuela Rosazza Gianin , Marco Zullino

To provide a comprehensive summary of the tail distribution, the expected shortfall is defined as the average over the tail above (or below) a certain quantile of the distribution. The expected shortfall regression captures the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yuanzhi Li , Shushu Zhang , Xuming He

We consider the situation where the observed sample contains some observations whose class of origin is known (that is, they are classified with respect to the g underlying classes of interest), and where the remaining observations in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-15 Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Daniel Ahfock

Gradient descent is a widely used iterative algorithm for finding local minima in multivariate functions. However, the final iterations often either overshoot the minima or make minimal progress, making it challenging to determine an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Aviral Dhingra

This paper introduces a novel approach to addressing uncertainty and associated risks in power system management, focusing on the discrepancies between forecasted and actual values of load demand and renewable power generation. By employing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-12 Rene Carmona , Ronnie Sircar , Xinshuo Yang

This paper deals with the gradient-based extremum seeking control (ESC) with actuation dynamics governed by distributed wave partial differential equations (PDEs). To achieve the control objective of real-time optimization for this class of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Elisio Juvenal Muchave , Pedro Henrique Silva Coutinho , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić

In many situations, the measurements of a studied phenomenon are provided sequentially, and the prediction of its class needs to be made as early as possible so as not to incur too high a time penalty, but not too early and risk paying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Aurélien Renault , Alexis Bondu , Antoine Cornuéjols , Vincent Lemaire

Empirical risk minimization is the main tool for prediction problems, but its extension to relational data remains unsolved. We solve this problem using recent ideas from graph sampling theory to (i) define an empirical risk for relational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-25 Victor Veitch , Morgane Austern , Wenda Zhou , David M. Blei , Peter Orbanz

We propose an original two-part, duration-severity approach for backtesting Expected Shortfall (ES). While Probability Integral Transform (PIT) based ES backtests have gained popularity, they have yet to allow for separate testing of the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-14 Sullivan Hué , Christophe Hurlin , Yang Lu

The longevity and viability of construction components in a circular economy demand a robust, data-informed framework for reuse decision-making. This paper introduces a multi-level grading and classification system that combines Bayesian…

General Economics · Economics 2025-04-10 Yiping Meng , Sergio Cavalaro , Mohamed Osmani

To comply with increasingly stringent international standards in risk management and regulation, several approaches have been developed in the literature for forecasting tail-risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-02 Alessandra Amendola , Vincenzo Candila , Antonio Naimoli , Giuseppe Storti