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We derive a family of loss functions to train models in the presence of sampling bias. Examples are when the prevalence of a pathology differs from its sampling rate in the training dataset, or when a machine learning practioner rebalances…

Background and Aim: Over-fitting issue has been the reason behind deep learning technology not being successfully implemented in oral cancer images classification. The aims of this research were reducing overfitting for accurately producing…

In terms of accuracy, deep learning (DL) models have had considerable success in classification problems for medical imaging applications. However, it is well-known that the outputs of such models, which typically utilise the SoftMax…

Lung and colon cancers are predominant contributors to cancer mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. By utilizing imaging technology in different image detection, learning models have shown promise in…

A chest radiograph, commonly called chest x-ray (CxR), plays a vital role in the diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and many more. Automated segmentation of the lungs is an important step to…

Semantic segmentation is a crucial task in medical image processing, essential for segmenting organs or lesions such as tumors. In this study we aim to improve automated segmentation in CBCTs through multi-task learning. To evaluate effects…

The prediction reliability of neural networks is important in many applications. Specifically, in safety-critical domains, such as cancer prediction or autonomous driving, a reliable confidence of model's prediction is critical for the…

The application of Deep Learning (DL) for medical diagnosis is often hampered by two problems. First, the amount of training data may be scarce, as it is limited by the number of patients who have acquired the condition to be diagnosed.…

Deep learning object detection algorithm has been widely used in medical image analysis. Currently all the object detection tasks are based on the data annotated with object classes and their bounding boxes. On the other hand, medical…

Predictive models that accurately emulate complex scientific processes can achieve exponential speed-ups over numerical simulators or experiments, and at the same time provide surrogates for improving the subsequent analysis. Consequently,…

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior multi-task capabilities, understanding the learning mechanisms behind this is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we attempt to understand such mechanisms from the…

Model calibration aims to align confidence with prediction correctness. The Cross-Entropy (CE) loss is widely used for calibrator training, which enforces the model to increase confidence on the ground truth class. However, we find the CE…

Deep neural networks (DNN) are prone to miscalibrated predictions, often exhibiting a mismatch between the predicted output and the associated confidence scores. Contemporary model calibration techniques mitigate the problem of…

The results of chest X-ray (CXR) analysis of 2D images to get the statistically reliable predictions (availability of tuberculosis) by computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) on the basis of deep learning are presented. They demonstrate the…

Multi-task neural network architectures provide a mechanism that jointly integrates information from distinct sources. It is ideal in the context of MR-only radiotherapy planning as it can jointly regress a synthetic CT (synCT) scan and…

Recently, multi-task networks have shown to both offer additional estimation capabilities, and, perhaps more importantly, increased performance over single-task networks on a "main/primary" task. However, balancing the optimization criteria…

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to…

Tumor volume segmentation on MRI is a challenging and time-consuming process that is performed manually in typical clinical settings. This work presents an approach to automated delineation of head and neck tumors on MRI scans, developed in…

Breast Ultrasound plays a vital role in cancer diagnosis as a non-invasive approach with cost-effective. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, many CNN-based approaches have been widely researched in both tumor…

Early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving survival outcomes. We present a deep learning framework for automated lung cancer screening from chest computed tomography (CT) images with integrated explainability. Using the…