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There has been significant progress in creating machine learning models that identify objects in scenes along with their associated attributes and relationships; however, there is a large gap between the best models and human capabilities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tyler L. Hayes , Maximilian Nickel , Christopher Kanan , Ludovic Denoyer , Arthur Szlam

Predicting the future trajectories of the traffic agents is a gordian technique in autonomous driving. However, trajectory prediction suffers from data imbalance in the prevalent datasets, and the tailed data is often more complicated and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Yuning Wang , Pu Zhang , Lei Bai , Jianru Xue

Over the last few decades power law distributions have been suggested as forming generative mechanisms in a variety of disparate fields, such as, astrophysics, criminology and database curation. However, fitting these heavy tailed…

Computation · Statistics 2014-08-26 Colin S. Gillespie

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods are typically benchmarked on training sets with balanced class distributions. However, in real-world applications, it is common for the training sets to have long-tailed distributions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Haotao Wang , Aston Zhang , Yi Zhu , Shuai Zheng , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Zhangyang Wang

Long-tailed data is still a big challenge for deep neural networks, even though they have achieved great success on balanced data. We observe that vanilla training on long-tailed data with cross-entropy loss makes the instance-rich head…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yang Lu

Despite the successes of probabilistic models based on passing noise through neural networks, recent work has identified that such methods often fail to capture tail behavior accurately, unless the tails of the base distribution are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Feynman Liang , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) methods have shown great success on balanced datasets but become ineffective in long-tailed recognition (LTR) scenarios where 1) OOD samples are often wrongly classified into head classes and/or 2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Wenjun Miao , Guansong Pang , Tianqi Li , Xiao Bai , Jin Zheng

Pre-training plays a vital role in various vision tasks, such as object recognition and detection. Commonly used pre-training methods, which typically rely on randomized approaches like uniform or Gaussian distributions to initialize model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Chen-Long Duan , Yong Li , Xiu-Shen Wei , Lin Zhao

We introduce the \textsc{Tailed-Uniform} proposal distribution for generating training simulations in simulation-based inference. Instead of sampling parameters uniformly within bounded regions, we extend the distribution beyond prior…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Chaipat Tirapongprasert , Matthew Ho

Image and multimodal machine learning tasks are very challenging to solve in the case of poorly distributed data. In particular, data availability and privacy restrictions exacerbate these hurdles in the medical domain. The state of the art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Rafael Elberg , Denis Parra , Mircea Petrache

The imbalanced distribution of long-tailed data presents a significant challenge for deep learning models, causing them to prioritize head classes while neglecting tail classes. Two key factors contributing to low recognition accuracy are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mengke Li , Zhikai Hu , Yang Lu , Weichao Lan , Yiu-ming Cheung , Hui Huang

Long-tailed recognition with imbalanced class distribution naturally emerges in practical machine learning applications. Existing methods such as data reweighing, resampling, and supervised contrastive learning enforce the class balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Chengkai Hou , Jieyu Zhang , Haonan Wang , Tianyi Zhou

Graph representation learning (GRL) models have succeeded in many scenarios. Real-world graphs have imbalanced distribution, such as node labels and degrees, which leaves a critical challenge to GRL. Imbalanced inputs can lead to imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xiaorui Qi , Yanlong Wen , Xiaojie Yuan

We study the empirical version of halfspace depths with the objective of establishing a connection between the rates of convergence and the tail behaviour of the corresponding underlying distributions. The intricate interplay between the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Sibsankar Singha , Marie Kratz , Sreekar Vadlamani

Long-tailed classification poses a challenge due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities and tail-sensitivity risks with asymmetric misprediction costs. Recent attempts have used re-balancing loss and ensemble methods, but they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Deep long-tailed learning aims to train useful deep networks on practical, real-world imbalanced distributions, wherein most labels of the tail classes are associated with a few samples. There has been a large body of work to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Harsh Rangwani , Naman Jaswani , Tejan Karmali , Varun Jampani , R. Venkatesh Babu

Many complex networks in natural and social phenomena have often been characterized by heavy-tailed degree distributions. However, due to rapidly growing size of network data and concerns on privacy issues about using these data, it becomes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Young-Ho Eom , Hang-Hyun Jo

Current out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods typically assume balanced in-distribution (ID) data, while most real-world data follow a long-tailed distribution. Previous approaches to long-tailed OOD detection often involve balancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yina He , Lei Peng , Yongcun Zhang , Juanjuan Weng , Zhiming Luo , Shaozi Li

Long-tailed data bias decision boundaries toward head classes and degrade tail class accuracy. Diffusion-based generative augmentation address this problem by generating additional data, while head-to-tail transfer further mitigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiacheng Yang , Ruichi Zhang , Chikai Shang , Mengke Li , Xinyi Shang , Junlong Gao , Yonggang Zhang , Yang Lu

Existing long-tailed recognition methods, aiming to train class-balanced models from long-tailed data, generally assume the models would be evaluated on the uniform test class distribution. However, practical test class distributions often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yifan Zhang , Bryan Hooi , Lanqing Hong , Jiashi Feng