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Real-world data often follow a long-tailed distribution with a high imbalance in the number of samples between classes. The problem with training from imbalanced data is that some background features, common to all classes, can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Sanglee Park , Seung-won Hwang , Jungmin So

Deep learning enables impressive performance in image recognition using large-scale artificially-balanced datasets. However, real-world datasets exhibit highly class-imbalanced distributions, yielding two main challenges: relative imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Sharma , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Data privacy and class imbalance are the norm rather than the exception in many machine learning tasks. Recent attempts have been launched to, on one side, address the problem of learning from pervasive private data, and on the other side,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Zihan Chen , Songshang Liu , Hualiang Wang , Howard H. Yang , Tony Q. S. Quek , Zuozhu Liu

Deploying deep models in real-world scenarios entails a number of challenges, including computational efficiency and real-world (e.g., long-tailed) data distributions. We address the combined challenge of learning long-tailed distributions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jihun Kim , Dahyun Kim , Hyungrok Jung , Taeil Oh , Jonghyun Choi

Many practical medical imaging scenarios include categories that are under-represented but still crucial. The relevance of image recognition models to real-world applications lies in their ability to generalize to these rare classes as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Daniya Najiha A. Kareem , Jean Lahoud , Mustansar Fiaz , Amandeep Kumar , Hisham Cholakkal

Machine learning models fail to perform well on real-world applications when 1) the category distribution P(Y) of the training dataset suffers from long-tailed distribution and 2) the test data is drawn from different conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Xiao Gu , Yao Guo , Zeju Li , Jianing Qiu , Qi Dou , Yuxuan Liu , Benny Lo , Guang-Zhong Yang

Label distributions in camera-trap images are highly imbalanced and long-tailed, resulting in neural networks tending to be biased towards head-classes that appear frequently. Although long-tail learning has been extremely explored to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Byeongjun Park , Jeongsoo Kim , Seungju Cho , Heeseon Kim , Changick Kim

Long-tail recognition tackles the natural non-uniformly distributed data in real-world scenarios. While modern classifiers perform well on populated classes, its performance degrades significantly on tail classes. Humans, however, are less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Tz-Ying Wu , Pedro Morgado , Pei Wang , Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Most existing methods that cope with noisy labels usually assume that the class distributions are well balanced, which has insufficient capacity to deal with the practical scenarios where training samples have imbalanced distributions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Chaowei Fang , Lechao Cheng , Huiyan Qi , Dingwen Zhang

Real world data often have a long-tailed and open-ended distribution. A practical recognition system must classify among majority and minority classes, generalize from a few known instances, and acknowledge novelty upon a never seen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Ziwei Liu , Zhongqi Miao , Xiaohang Zhan , Jiayun Wang , Boqing Gong , Stella X. Yu

Long-tailed recognition is ubiquitous and challenging in deep learning and even in the downstream finetuning of foundation models, since the skew class distribution generally prevents the model generalization to the tail classes. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiaan Luo , Feng Hong , Qiang Hu , Xiaofeng Cao , Feng Liu , Jiangchao Yao

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is essential for safe deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs). This problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of long-tailed in-distribution (ID) datasets, often leading to high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nimeshika Udayangani , Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Although deep neural networks achieve tremendous success on various classification tasks, the generalization ability drops sheer when training datasets exhibit long-tailed distributions. One of the reasons is that the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Xuantong Liu , Jianfeng Zhang , Tianyang Hu , He Cao , Lujia Pan , Yuan Yao

Semantic segmentation usually suffers from a long-tail data distribution. Due to the imbalanced number of samples across categories, the features of those tail classes may get squeezed into a narrow area in the feature space. Towards a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuchao Wang , Jingjing Fei , Haochen Wang , Wei Li , Tianpeng Bao , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Yujun Shen

The problem of long-tailed recognition, where the number of examples per class is highly unbalanced, is considered. It is hypothesized that the well known tendency of standard classifier training to overfit to popular classes can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Bo Liu , Haoxiang Li , Hao Kang , Gang Hua , Nuno Vasconcelos

Long-tailed (LT) classification is an unavoidable and challenging problem in the real world. Most existing long-tailed classification methods focus only on solving the class-wise imbalance while ignoring the attribute-wise imbalance. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jinye Yang , Ji Xu , Di Wu , Jianhang Tang , Shaobo Li , Guoyin Wang

Data collected from the real world typically exhibit long-tailed distributions, where frequent classes contain abundant data while rare ones have only a limited number of samples. While existing supervised learning approaches have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Ci-Siang Lin , Min-Hung Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

The natural world often follows a long-tailed data distribution where only a few classes account for most of the examples. This long-tail causes classifiers to overfit to the majority class. To mitigate this, prior solutions commonly adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Rahul Duggal , Scott Freitas , Sunny Dhamnani , Duen Horng Chau , Jimeng Sun

Long-tail distribution is widely spread in real-world applications. Due to the extremely small ratio of instances, tail categories often show inferior accuracy. In this paper, we find such performance bottleneck is mainly caused by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Jingru Tan , Bo Li , Xin Lu , Yongqiang Yao , Fengwei Yu , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang

This paper proposes a new pipeline for long-tail (LT) recognition. Instead of re-weighting or re-sampling, we utilize the long-tailed dataset itself to generate a balanced proxy that can be optimized through cross-entropy (CE).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Jie Shao , Ke Zhu , Hanxiao Zhang , Jianxin Wu