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Multi-turn interaction remains challenging for online reinforcement learning. A common solution is trajectory-level optimization, which treats each trajectory as a single training sample. However, this approach can be inefficient and yield…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhan Chen , Yuxuan Liu , Long Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Wei Liu

As machine learning has moved towards leveraging large models as priors for downstream tasks, the community has debated the right form of prior for solving reinforcement learning (RL) problems. If one were to try to prefetch as much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chongyi Zheng , Royina Karegoudra Jayanth , Benjamin Eysenbach

Off-road navigation on vertically challenging terrain, involving steep slopes and rugged boulders, presents significant challenges for wheeled robots both at the planning level to achieve smooth collision-free trajectories and at the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Tong Xu , Chenhui Pan , Xuesu Xiao

Reinforcement learning algorithms often suffer from slow convergence due to sparse reward signals, particularly in complex environments where feedback is delayed or infrequent. This paper introduces the Psychological Regret Model (PRM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhe Xu

Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) provides a way to learn high-performance policies in environments where the reward signal is hard to specify, avoiding heuristic and time-consuming reward design. However, PbRL can suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chenyang Cao , Miguel Rogel-García , Mohamed Nabail , Xueqian Wang , Nicholas Rhinehart

In complex real-world tasks such as robotic manipulation and autonomous driving, collecting expert demonstrations is often more straightforward than specifying precise learning objectives and task descriptions. Learning from expert data can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Daulet Baimukashev , Gokhan Alcan , Kevin Sebastian Luck , Ville Kyrki

Traditional model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods generate forward rollout traces using the learnt dynamics model to reduce interactions with the real environment. The recent model-based RL method considers the way to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Yuxin Pan , Fangzhen Lin

Closed-loop control remains an open challenge in soft robotics. The nonlinear responses of soft actuators under dynamic loading conditions limit the use of analytic models for soft robot control. Traditional methods of controlling soft…

The recent development of zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) has opened a new avenue for learning pre-trained generalist policies that can adapt to arbitrary new tasks in a zero-shot manner. While the popular Forward-Backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kexin Zheng , Lauriane Teyssier , Yinan Zheng , Yu Luo , Xianyuan Zhan

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Benedict Hildisch , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

Soft Q-learning has emerged as a versatile model-free method for entropy-regularised reinforcement learning, optimising for returns augmented with a penalty on the divergence from a reference policy. Despite its success, the multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pranav Mahajan , Ben Seymour

Ensuring safety in reinforcement learning (RL)-based robotic systems is a critical challenge, especially in contact-rich tasks within unstructured environments. While the state-of-the-art safe RL approaches mitigate risks through safe…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Heng Zhang , Gokhan Solak , Arash Ajoudani

Snakes are a remarkable evolutionary success story. Many snake-inspired robots have been proposed over the years. Soft robotic snakes (SRS) with their continuous and smooth bending capability better mimic their biological counterparts'…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Dimuthu D. Arachchige , Yue Chen , Isuru S. Godage

A widely-studied deep reinforcement learning (RL) technique known as Prioritized Experience Replay (PER) allows agents to learn from transitions sampled with non-uniform probability proportional to their temporal-difference (TD) error.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Baturay Saglam , Furkan B. Mutlu , Dogan C. Cicek , Suleyman S. Kozat

Recent work has described neural-network-based agents that are trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to execute language-like commands in simulated worlds, as a step towards an intelligent agent or robot that can be instructed by human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Felix Hill , Sona Mokra , Nathaniel Wong , Tim Harley

Experience replay, which enables the agents to remember and reuse experience from the past, has played a significant role in the success of off-policy reinforcement learning (RL). To utilize the experience replay efficiently, the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Youngmin Oh , Kimin Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Off-policy learning methods seek to derive an optimal policy directly from a fixed dataset of prior interactions. This objective presents significant challenges, primarily due to the inherent distributional shift and value function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Arip Asadulaev , Maksim Bobrin , Salem Lahlou , Dmitry Dylov , Fakhri Karray , Martin Takac

Even though reinforcement-learning-based algorithms achieved superhuman performance in many domains, the field of robotics poses significant challenges as the state and action spaces are continuous, and the reward function is predominantly…

Reliable and stable locomotion has been one of the most fundamental challenges for legged robots. Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has emerged as a promising method for developing such control policies autonomously. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Sehoon Ha , Peng Xu , Zhenyu Tan , Sergey Levine , Jie Tan

Recent advancements in zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) have facilitated the extraction of diverse behaviors from unlabeled, offline data sources. In particular, forward-backward algorithms (FB) can retrieve a family of policies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Marco Bagatella , Thomas Rupf , Georg Martius , Andreas Krause