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Learning from positive and unlabeled data is known as positive-unlabeled (PU) learning in literature and has attracted much attention in recent years. One common approach in PU learning is to sample a set of pseudo-negatives from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Zhangchi Zhu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Chao Du , Wei Zhang , Hang Dong , Bo Qiao , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Planning for a wide range of real-world tasks necessitates to know and write all constraints. However, instances exist where these constraints are either unknown or challenging to specify accurately. A possible solution is to infer the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Baiyu Peng , Aude Billard

Positive-unlabeled learning (PUL) aims at learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled training data. Even though real-world applications often involve imbalanced datasets where the majority of examples belong to one class,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Emilio Dorigatti , Jann Goschenhofer , Benjamin Schubert , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning aims to learn a model with rare positive samples and abundant unlabeled samples. Compared with classical binary classification, the task of PU learning is much more challenging due to the existence of many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chengming Xu , Chen Liu , Siqian Yang , Yabiao Wang , Shijie Zhang , Lijie Jia , Yanwei Fu

The positive-unlabeled (PU) classification is a common scenario in real-world applications such as healthcare, text classification, and bioinformatics, in which we only observe a few samples labeled as "positive" together with a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Ke Ren , Haichuan Yang , Yu Zhao , Mingshan Xue , Hongyu Miao , Shuai Huang , Ji Liu

We propose a new method of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) examples in highly imbalanced datasets. Many real-world problems, such as disease gene identification, targeted marketing, fraud detection, and recommender systems, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Elias Zavitsanos , Georgios Paliouras

In binary classification, there are situations where negative (N) data are too diverse to be fully labeled and we often resort to positive-unlabeled (PU) learning in these scenarios. However, collecting a non-representative N set that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We consider the problem of learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled observations (called PU learning). Recent studies in PU learning have shown superior performance theoretically and empirically. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Yongchan Kwon , Wonyoung Kim , Masashi Sugiyama , Myunghee Cho Paik

In this work, we explore the way to perform named entity recognition (NER) using only unlabeled data and named entity dictionaries. To this end, we formulate the task as a positive-unlabeled (PU) learning problem and accordingly propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Minlong Peng , Xiaoyu Xing , Qi Zhang , Jinlan Fu , Xuanjing Huang

Positive-unlabeled learning refers to the process of training a binary classifier using only positive and unlabeled data. Although unlabeled data can contain positive data, all unlabeled data are regarded as negative data in existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Daiki Tanaka , Daiki Ikami , Kiyoharu Aizawa

We present a novel approach to learn binary classifiers when only positive and unlabeled instances are available (PU learning). This problem is routinely cast as a supervised task with label noise in the negative set. We use an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-13 Marc Claesen , Frank De Smet , Johan A. K. Suykens , Bart De Moor

The goal of document-level relation extraction (RE) is to identify relations between entities that span multiple sentences. Recently, incomplete labeling in document-level RE has received increasing attention, and some studies have used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Ye Wang , Huazheng Pan , Tao Zhang , Wen Wu , Wenxin Hu

In this paper, we address the problem of learning a binary (positive vs. negative) classifier given Positive and Unlabeled data commonly referred to as PU learning. Although rudimentary techniques like clustering, out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Omar Zamzam , Haleh Akrami , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Richard Leahy

Recent advances in weakly supervised classification allow us to train a classifier only from positive and unlabeled (PU) data. However, existing PU classification methods typically require an accurate estimate of the class-prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoya Sakai , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning is a type of semi-supervised binary classification where the machine learning algorithm differentiates between a set of positive instances (labeled) and a set of both positive and negative instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Praveen Kumar , Christophe G. Lambert

Learning from positive and unlabeled data or PU learning is the setting where a learner only has access to positive examples and unlabeled data. The assumption is that the unlabeled data can contain both positive and negative examples. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jessa Bekker , Jesse Davis

We address learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data, a common setting in which only some positives are labeled and the rest are mixed with negatives. Classical exponential tilting models guarantee identifiability by assuming a linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-19 Peijun Sang , Yifan Sun , Qinglong Tian , Donglin Zeng , Pengfei Li

Complementary-label learning is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each training example is associated with one or multiple complementary labels indicating the classes to which it does not belong. Existing consistent approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wei Wang , Takashi Ishida , Yu-Jie Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

The estimation of probability densities based on available data is a central task in many statistical applications. Especially in the case of large ensembles with many samples or high-dimensional sample spaces, computationally efficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-04 Daniel W. Meyer

Unsupervised domain adaptation generalizes neural retrievers to an unseen domain by generating pseudo queries on target domain documents. The quality and efficiency of this adaptation critically depend on which documents are selected for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Minseong Hwang , Seung-won Hwang