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Training multimodal generative models on large, uncurated datasets can result in users being exposed to harmful, unsafe and controversial or culturally-inappropriate outputs. While model editing has been proposed to remove or filter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Mubarak Shah , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

The advent of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of offensive language, hate speech, sexist remarks, etc. on the Internet. In light of this, there have been several efforts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Pushkar Mishra , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Explainability in artificial intelligence is crucial for restoring trust, particularly in areas like face forgery detection, where viewers often struggle to distinguish between real and fabricated content. Vision and Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Niki Maria Foteinopoulou , Enjie Ghorbel , Djamila Aouada

The rapid advancement of generative models has intensified the challenge of detecting and interpreting visual forgeries, necessitating robust frameworks for image forgery detection while providing reasoning as well as localization. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ipsita Praharaj , Yukta Butala , Badrikanath Praharaj , Yash Butala

With the rapid proliferation of digital media, the need for efficient and transparent safeguards against unsafe content is more critical than ever. Traditional image guardrail models, constrained by predefined categories, often misclassify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiyang Xu , Minzhou Pan , Zhaorun Chen , Shuang Yang , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li

Content scanning systems employ perceptual hashing algorithms to scan user content for illegal material, such as child pornography or terrorist recruitment flyers. Perceptual hashing algorithms help determine whether two images are visually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ashish Hooda , Andrey Labunets , Tadayoshi Kohno , Earlence Fernandes

Visual counterfactual explanations are ideal hypothetical images that change the decision-making of the classifier with high confidence toward the desired class while remaining visually plausible and close to the initial image. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tung Luu , Nam Le , Duc Le , Bac Le

The rapid advancement of image generation technologies intensifies the demand for interpretable and robust detection methods. Although existing approaches often attain high accuracy, they typically operate as black boxes without providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yikun Ji , Hong Yan , Jun Lan , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Qi Fan , Liqing Zhang , Jianfu Zhang

The widespread use of cameras in our society has created an overwhelming amount of video data, far exceeding the capacity for human monitoring. This presents a critical challenge for public safety and security, as the timely detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pascal Benschop , Cristian Meo , Justin Dauwels , Jelte P. Mense

Image-text matching has been a hot research topic bridging the vision and language areas. It remains challenging because the current representation of image usually lacks global semantic concepts as in its corresponding text caption. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kunpeng Li , Yulun Zhang , Kai Li , Yuanyuan Li , Yun Fu

Users' physical safety is an increasing concern as the market for intelligent systems continues to grow, where unconstrained systems may recommend users dangerous actions that can lead to serious injury. Covertly unsafe text is an area of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Alex Mei , Sharon Levy , William Yang Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) face safety misalignment, where visual inputs enable harmful outputs. To address this, existing methods require explicit safety labels or contrastive data; yet, threat-related concepts are concrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Qishun Yang , Shu Yang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

There is a rapid increase in the use of multimedia content in current social media platforms. One of the highly popular forms of such multimedia content are memes. While memes have been primarily invented to promote funny and buoyant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Naquee Rizwan , Paramananda Bhaskar , Mithun Das , Swadhin Satyaprakash Majhi , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

Counterfactual image editing is an important task in generative AI, which asks how an image would look if certain features were different. The current literature on the topic focuses primarily on changing individual features while remaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

Visual counterfactual explanations (VCEs) have recently gained immense popularity as a tool for clarifying the decision-making process of image classifiers. This trend is largely motivated by what these explanations promise to deliver --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Bartlomiej Sobieski , Jakub Grzywaczewski , Bartlomiej Sadlej , Matthew Tivnan , Przemyslaw Biecek

The widespread deployment of text-to-image diffusion models is significantly challenged by the generation of visually harmful content, such as sexually explicit content, violence, and horror imagery. Common safety interventions, ranging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lingyun Zhang , Yu Xie , Zhongli Fang , Yu Liu , Ping Chen

Automatically generating a human-like description for a given image is a potential research in artificial intelligence, which has attracted a great of attention recently. Most of the existing attention methods explore the mapping…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Feicheng Huang , Zhixin Li , Haiyang Wei , Canlong Zhang , Huifang Ma

A novel explainable AI method called CLEAR Image is introduced in this paper. CLEAR Image is based on the view that a satisfactory explanation should be contrastive, counterfactual and measurable. CLEAR Image explains an image's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Adam White , Kwun Ho Ngan , James Phelan , Saman Sadeghi Afgeh , Kevin Ryan , Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro , Artur d'Avila Garcez

It is no secret that pornographic material is now a one-click-away from everyone, including children and minors. General social media networks are striving to isolate adult images and videos from normal ones. Intelligent image analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Mohamed Moustafa

Climate disinformation has become a major challenge in today digital world, especially with the rise of misleading images and videos shared widely on social media. These false claims are often convincing and difficult to detect, which can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Marzieh Adeli Shamsabad , Hamed Ghodrati