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With the spreading of hate speech on social media in recent years, automatic detection of hate speech is becoming a crucial task and has attracted attention from various communities. This task aims to recognize online posts (e.g., tweets)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Jiaxuan Li , Yue Ning

Content warning: This work displays examples of explicit and/or strongly offensive language. Fueled by a surge of anti-Asian xenophobia and prejudice during the COVID-19 pandemic, many have taken to social media to express these negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Huy Nghiem , Fred Morstatter

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Han Wang , Ming Shan Hee , Md Rabiul Awal , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Communication on social media platforms is not only culturally and politically relevant, it is also increasingly widespread across societies. Users not only communicate via social media platforms, but also search specifically for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Dennis Klinkhammer

A growing body of work has focused on text classification methods for detecting the increasing amount of hate speech posted online. This progress has been limited to only a select number of highly-resourced languages causing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Aman Khullar , Daniel Nkemelu , Cuong V. Nguyen , Michael L. Best

Automatic counterspeech generation methods have been developed to assist efforts in combating hate speech. Existing research focuses on generating counterspeech with linguistic attributes such as being polite, informative, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Lingzi Hong , Pengcheng Luo , Eduardo Blanco , Xiaoying Song

Counterspeech has gained attention as a strategy to reduce hate speech on social media. Although previous studies suggest that counterspeech can reduce hate speech, little is known about its effects on participation in online hate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daniel Hickey , Matheus Schmitz , Daniel M. T. Fessler , Paul E. Smaldino , Kristina Lerman , Goran Murić , Keith Burghardt

Our study addresses a significant gap in online hate speech detection research by focusing on homophobia, an area often neglected in sentiment analysis research. Utilising advanced sentiment analysis models, particularly BERT, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Josh McGiff , Nikola S. Nikolov

The proliferation of online hate speech poses a significant threat to the harmony of the web. While explicit hate is easily recognized through overt slurs, implicit hate speech is often conveyed through sarcasm, irony, stereotypes, or coded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Chengshuai Zhao , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Karan Patwa , K. Selçuk Candan , Huan Liu

The exponential growths of social media and micro-blogging sites not only provide platforms for empowering freedom of expressions and individual voices, but also enables people to express anti-social behaviour like online harassment,…

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Sarcasm detection is a significant challenge in sentiment analysis, particularly due to its nature of conveying opinions where the intended meaning deviates from the literal expression. This challenge is heightened in social media contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aniket Deroy , Subhankar Maity

With the exponential rise in user-generated web content on social media, the proliferation of abusive languages towards an individual or a group across the different sections of the internet is also rapidly increasing. It is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal

In this paper, an approach for hate speech detection against women in Arabic community on social media (e.g. Youtube) is proposed. In the literature, similar works have been presented for other languages such as English. However, to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Imane Guellil , Ahsan Adeel , Faical Azouaou , Mohamed Boubred , Yousra Houichi , Akram Abdelhaq Moumna

The age of social media is rife with memes. Understanding and detecting harmful memes pose a significant challenge due to their implicit meaning that is not explicitly conveyed through the surface text and image. However, existing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Jing Ma , Long Chen

The exponential increase in the use of the Internet and social media over the last two decades has changed human interaction. This has led to many positive outcomes, but at the same time it has brought risks and harms. While the volume of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Neeraj Vashistha , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Shanky Sharma

Online hate is a growing concern on many social media platforms and other sites. To combat it, technology companies are increasingly identifying and sanctioning `hateful users' rather than simply moderating hateful content. Yet, most…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Zo Ahmed , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Social media systems allow Internet users a congenial platform to freely express their thoughts and opinions. Although this property represents incredible and unique communication opportunities, it also brings along important challenges.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Leandro Silva , Mainack Mondal , Denzil Correa , Fabricio Benevenuto , Ingmar Weber

An increasingly common expression of online hate speech is multimodal in nature and comes in the form of memes. Designing systems to automatically detect hateful content is of paramount importance if we are to mitigate its undesirable…

With the growing presence of multilingual users on social media, detecting abusive language in code-mixed text has become increasingly challenging. Code-mixed communication, where users seamlessly switch between English and their native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Manish Pandey , Nageshwar Prasad Yadav , Mokshada Adduru , Sawan Rai