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The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has showcased remarkable capacities for logical reasoning and natural language comprehension. These capabilities can be leveraged in solutions that semantically and textually model complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Syed Mekael Wasti , Ken Q. Pu , Ali Neshati

Generative large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in various applications, including question-answering (QA) and dialogue systems. However, in specialized domains like traditional Chinese medical QA, these models may perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Zijie Huang , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models LLMs, have shown promising capabilities in transforming rare disease research. This survey paper explores the integration of LLMs in the analysis of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Valentina Carbonari , Pierangelo Veltri , Pietro Hiram Guzzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various information-seeking and reasoning tasks. These computational systems drive state-of-the-art dialogue systems, such as ChatGPT and Bard. They also carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Siyuan Brandon Loh , Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked new opportunities for healthcare, from information synthesis to clinical decision support. These new LLMs are not just capable of modeling language, but can also act as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Nikita Mehandru , Brenda Y. Miao , Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz , Madhumita Sushil , Atul J. Butte , Ahmed Alaa

Contemporary large language models (LLMs) may have utility for processing unstructured, narrative free-text clinical data contained in electronic health records (EHRs) -- a particularly important use-case for mental health where a majority…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Niall Taylor , Andrey Kormilitzin , Isabelle Lorge , Alejo Nevado-Holgado , Dan W Joyce

The field of healthcare has increasingly turned its focus towards Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their remarkable performance. However, their performance in actual clinical applications has been underexplored. Traditional evaluations…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare where they are employed in diverse applications. Their utility is particularly significant in the context of rare diseases, where data scarcity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Qiuhao Lu , Rui Li , Andrew Wen , Jinlian Wang , Liwei Wang , Hongfang Liu

The introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced data representation and analysis, bringing significant progress in their use for medical questions and answering. Despite these advancements, integrating tabular data, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Yanjun Gao , Skatje Myers , Shan Chen , Dmitriy Dligach , Timothy A Miller , Danielle Bitterman , Matthew Churpek , Majid Afshar

The transcription of medical monologues, especially those containing a high density of specialized terminology and delivered with a distinct accent, presents a significant challenge for existing automated systems. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiafeng Li , Yanda Mu

We introduce NoteChat, a novel cooperative multi-agent framework leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate patient-physician dialogues. NoteChat embodies the principle that an ensemble of role-specific LLMs, through structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Junda Wang , Zonghai Yao , Zhichao Yang , Huixue Zhou , Rumeng Li , Xun Wang , Yucheng Xu , Hong Yu

Identifying medication discontinuations in electronic health records (EHRs) is vital for patient safety but is often hindered by information being buried in unstructured notes. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chong Shao , Douglas Snyder , Chiran Li , Bowen Gu , Kerry Ngan , Chun-Ting Yang , Jiageng Wu , Richard Wyss , Kueiyu Joshua Lin , Jie Yang

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for transforming healthcare, from streamlining administrative and clinical workflows to enriching patient engagement and advancing clinical decision-making. However, their successful integration…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mohammed Al-Garadi , Tushar Mungle , Abdulaziz Ahmed , Abeed Sarker , Zhuqi Miao , Michael E. Matheny

Large language models (LLMs) excel at text generation, but their ability to handle clinical classification tasks involving structured data, such as time series, remains underexplored. In this work, we adapt instruction-tuned LLMs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Iyadh Ben Cheikh Larbi , Ajay Madhavan Ravichandran , Aljoscha Burchardt , Roland Roller

Clinical natural language processing requires methods that can address domain-specific challenges, such as complex medical terminology and clinical contexts. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in this domain. Yet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ran Xu , Hejie Cui , Yue Yu , Xuan Kan , Wenqi Shi , Yuchen Zhuang , Wei Jin , Joyce Ho , Carl Yang

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has been revolutionary, especially with the recent advancements in transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the task of understanding unstructured electronic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shivani Shekhar , Simran Tiwari , T. C. Rensink , Ramy Eskander , Wael Salloum

Clinical trial matching is the task of identifying trials for which patients may be potentially eligible. Typically, this task is labor-intensive and requires detailed verification of patient electronic health records (EHRs) against the…

Clinical decision-making is inherently complex, often influenced by cognitive biases, incomplete information, and case ambiguity. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as tools for supporting clinical decision-making, yet their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Burcu Sayin , Ipek Baris Schlicht , Ngoc Vo Hong , Sara Allievi , Jacopo Staiano , Pasquale Minervini , Andrea Passerini

The recent progress of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT and GPT-4, in comprehending and responding to human instructions has been remarkable. Nevertheless, these models typically perform better in English and have not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Honglin Xiong , Sheng Wang , Yitao Zhu , Zihao Zhao , Yuxiao Liu , Linlin Huang , Qian Wang , Dinggang Shen

Scientific workflow systems are increasingly popular for expressing and executing complex data analysis pipelines over large datasets, as they offer reproducibility, dependability, and scalability of analyses by automatic parallelization on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Mario Sänger , Ninon De Mecquenem , Katarzyna Ewa Lewińska , Vasilis Bountris , Fabian Lehmann , Ulf Leser , Thomas Kosch