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Simulating chemical reactions is a central challenge in computational chemistry, characterized by an uneven difficulty profile: while equilibrium reactant and product geometries are often classically tractable, intermediate transition…

In this work, we present a general method to establish properties of multi-dimensional continuous-time Markov chains representing stochastic reaction networks. This method consists of grouping states together (via a partition of the state…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Guillaume Ballif , Laurent Pfeiffer , Jakob Ruess

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been used extensively for addressing problems in drug design and discovery. Both ligand and target molecules are represented as graphs with node and edge features encoding information about atomic elements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Dhananjay Bhaskar , Jackson D. Grady , Michael A. Perlmutter , Smita Krishnaswamy

Sampling-based path planning is a popular methodology for robot path planning. With a uniform sampling strategy to explore the state space, a feasible path can be found without the complex geometric modeling of the configuration space.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Tianyi Zhang , Jiankun Wang , Max Q. -H. Meng

Transition states and minimum energy paths are essential to understand and predict chemical reactivity. Double-ended methods represent a standard approach for their determination. We introduce a new double-ended method that optimizes…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-02-18 Alain C. Vaucher , Markus Reiher

We present an elaborate framework for formally modelling pathways in chemical reaction networks on a mechanistic level. Networks are modelled mathematically as directed multi-hypergraphs, with vertices corresponding to molecules and…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2017-12-08 Jakob L. Andersen , Christoph Flamm , Daniel Merkle , Peter F. Stadler

The goal of structure-based drug discovery is to find small molecules that bind to a given target protein. Deep learning has been used to generate drug-like molecules with certain cheminformatic properties, but has not yet been applied to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-27 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

Transition state theory is a standard framework for predicting the rate of a chemical reaction. Although the transition state theory has been successfully applied to numerous chemical reaction analyses, many experimental and theoretical…

Graph transformation formalisms have proven to be suitable tools for the modelling of chemical reactions. They are well established in theoretical studies and increasingly also in practical applications in chemistry. The latter is made…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Jakob L. Andersen , Rolf Fagerberg , Juri Kolčák , Christophe V. F. P. Laurent , Daniel Merkle , Nikolai Nøjgaard

We consider stochastic descriptions of chemical reaction networks in which there are both fast and slow reactions, and for which the time scales are widely separated. We develop a computational algorithm that produces the generator of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Xingye Kan , Chang Hyeong Lee , Hans G. Othmer

In this work, we seek to simulate rare transitions between metastable states using score-based generative models. An efficient method for generating high-quality transition paths is valuable for the study of molecular systems since data is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Luke Triplett , Jianfeng Lu

Identifying transition states (TSs), the high-energy configurations that molecules pass through during chemical reactions, is essential for understanding and designing chemical processes. However, accurately and efficiently identifying…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Samir Darouich , Vinh Tong , Tanja Bien , Johannes Kästner , Mathias Niepert

In many systems, the time scales of the microscopic dynamics and macroscopic dynamics of interest are separated by many orders of magnitude. Examples abound, for instance nucleation, protein folding, and chemical reactions. For these…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Kuipers , G. T. Barkema

Materials discovery is decisive for tackling urgent challenges related to energy, the environment, health care and many others. In chemistry, conventional methodologies for innovation usually rely on expensive and incremental strategies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Daniel Schwalbe-Koda , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

The ability to reason beyond established knowledge allows Organic Chemists to solve synthetic problems and to invent novel transformations. Here, we propose a model which mimics chemical reasoning and formalises reaction prediction as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Marwin H. S. Segler , Mark P. Waller

For predicting the kinetics of nucleic acid reactions, continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) are widely used. The rate of a reaction can be obtained through the mean first passage time (MFPT) of its CTMC. However, a typical issue in CTMCs…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-23 Sedigheh Zolaktaf , Frits Dannenberg , Mark Schmidt , Anne Condon , Erik Winfree

Reaction mechanism search tools have demonstrated the ability to provide insights into likely products and rate-limiting steps of reacting systems. However, reactions involving several concerted bond changes - as can be found in many key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nicholas Casetti , Dylan Anstine , Olexandr Isayev , Connor W. Coley

Finding complex reaction and transformation pathways, involving many intermediate states, is in general not possible on the DFT level with existing simulation methods due to the very large number of required energy and force evaluations.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Deb Sankar De , Marco Krummenacher , Bastian Schaefer , Stefan Goedecker

A method to generate reactive trajectories, namely equilibrium trajectories leaving a metastable state and ending in another one is proposed. The algorithm is based on simulating in parallel many copies of the system, and selecting the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Frédéric Cérou , Arnaud Guyader , Tony Lelièvre , David Pommier

Discovery of atomistic systems with desirable properties is a major challenge in chemistry and material science. Here we introduce a novel, autoregressive, convolutional deep neural network architecture that generates molecular equilibrium…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-29 Niklas W. A. Gebauer , Michael Gastegger , Kristof T. Schütt