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Most modern software products incorporate open-source components, requiring development teams to maintain compliance with each component's licenses. Noncompliance can have significant financial, legal, and reputational repercussions.…

Integrating third-party software components is a common practice in modern software development, offering significant advantages in terms of efficiency and innovation. However, this practice is fraught with risks related to software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Boyuan Li , Chengwei Liu , Lingling Fan , Sen Chen , Zhenlin Zhang , Zheli Liu

Open source licenses create a legal framework that plays a crucial role in the widespread adoption of open source projects. Without a license, any source code available on the internet could not be openly (re)distributed. Although recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-10 João Pedro Moraes , Ivanilton Polato , Igor Wiese , Filipe Saraiva , Gustavo Pinto

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have become a significant part of the Android ecosystem. Developers can employ various TPLs to facilitate their app development. Unfortunately, the popularity of TPLs also brings new security issues. For…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Xian Zhan , Tianming Liu , Yepang Liu , Yang Liu , Li Li , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo

Hidden license conflicts in the open-source AI ecosystem pose serious legal and ethical risks, exposing organizations to potential litigation and users to undisclosed risk. However, the field lacks a data-driven understanding of how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 James Jewitt , Hao Li , Bram Adams , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Ahmed E. Hassan

With the rapid growth of software, using third-party libraries (TPLs) has become increasingly popular. The prosperity of the library usage has provided the software engineers with handful of methods to facilitate and boost the program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Can Yang , Zhengzi Xu , Hongxu Chen , Yang Liu , Xiaorui Gong , Baoxu Liu

Open-source licenses establish the legal foundation for software reuse, yet license variants, including both modified standard licenses and custom-created alternatives, introduce significant compliance complexities. Despite their prevalence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Weiwei Xu , Hengzhi Ye , Kai Gao , Minghui Zhou

With an ever-increasing amount of open source software, the popularity of services like GitHub that facilitate code reuse, and common misconceptions about the licensing of open source software, the problem of license violations in the code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yaroslav Golubev , Maria Eliseeva , Nikita Povarov , Timofey Bryksin

Free and open source software is widely used in the creation of software systems, whereas many organisations choose to provide their systems as open source. Open source software carries licenses that determine the conditions under which the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Maria Papoutsoglou , Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Daniel German , Lefteris Angelis

Most modern software products incorporate open source components, which requires compliance with each component's licenses. As noncompliance can lead to significant repercussions, organizations often seek advice from legal practitioners to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Nathan Wintersgill , Trevor Stalnaker , Laura A. Heymann , Oscar Chaparro , Denys Poshyvanyk

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have been widely used in mobile apps, which play an essential part in the entire Android ecosystem. However, TPL is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can ease the development of mobile apps. On the other…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Xian Zhan , Tianming Liu , Lingling Fan , Li Li , Sen Chen , Xiapu Luo , Yang Liu

As model parameter sizes scale into the billions and training consumes zettaFLOPs of computation, the reuse of Machine Learning (ML) assets and collaborative development have become increasingly prevalent in the ML community. These ML…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Moming Duan , Rui Zhao , Linshan Jiang , Nigel Shadbolt , Bingsheng He

Contemporary software is characterized by reuse of components that are declared as dependencies and that are received from package managers/registries, such as, NPM, PyPI, RubyGems, Maven Central, etc. Direct and indirect dependency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Rolf-Helge Pfeiffer

The privacy of personal information has received significant attention in mobile software. Although previous researchers have designed some methods to identify the conflict between app behavior and privacy policies, little is known about…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kaifa Zhao , Xian Zhan , Le Yu , Shiyao Zhou , Hao Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Haoyu Wang , Yepang Liu

Open source software brings benefit to software community, but also introduces legal risks caused by license violations, which result in serious consequences such as lawsuits and financial losses. To mitigate legal risks, some approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Kaifeng Huang , Yingfeng Xia , Bihuan Chen , Zhuotong Zhou , Jin Guo , Xin Peng

Third-party package usage has become a common practice in contemporary software development. Developers often face different challenges, including choosing the right libraries, installing errors, discrepancies, setting up the environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Syful Islam , Dong Wang , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

On the worldwide web, not only are webpages connected but source code is too. Software development is becoming more accessible to everyone and the licensing for software remains complicated. We need to know if software licenses are being…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Stephen Romansky , Cheng Chen , Baljeet Malhotra , Abram Hindle

The prevalent use of third-party libraries (TPLs) in modern software development introduces significant security and compliance risks, necessitating the implementation of Software Composition Analysis (SCA) to manage these threats. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Lyuye Zhang , Chengwei Liu , Jiahui Wu , Shiyang Zhang , Chengyue Liu , Zhengzi Xu , Sen Chen , Yang Liu

There is a multitude of licenses out there for a software developer to choose from, but a lot of programmers would prefer to not have to have a legal degree in order to understand them and would rather just have their code out in the public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Martin A. Coleman

Context: Modern software systems (e.g., Apache Spark) are usually written in multiple programming languages (PLs). There is little understanding on the phenomenon of multi-programming-language commits (MPLCs), which involve modified source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Zengyang Li , Xiaoxiao Qi , Qinyi Yu , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Chen Yang
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