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In this work, we propose a novel adversarial defence mechanism for image classification - CARSO - blending the paradigms of adversarial training and adversarial purification in a synergistic robustness-enhancing way. The method builds upon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Emanuele Ballarin , Alessio Ansuini , Luca Bortolussi

Black-box adversarial attacks have demonstrated strong potential to compromise machine learning models by iteratively querying the target model or leveraging transferability from a local surrogate model. Recently, such attacks can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Hanbin Hong , Xinyu Zhang , Binghui Wang , Zhongjie Ba , Yuan Hong

Deep neural networks demonstrate impressive performance in visual recognition, but they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that is imperceptible to the human. Although existing defense strategies such as adversarial training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhe Li , Bernhard Kainz

Neural networks are susceptible to data inference attacks such as the model inversion attack and the membership inference attack, where the attacker could infer the reconstruction and the membership of a data sample from the confidence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Ziqi Yang , Bin Shao , Bohan Xuan , Ee-Chien Chang , Fan Zhang

Adversarial purification with diffusion models has emerged as a promising defense strategy, but existing methods typically rely on uniform noise injection, which indiscriminately perturbs all frequencies, corrupting semantic structures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaoyi Huang , Junwei Wu , Kejia Zhang , Carl Yang , Zhiming Luo

We question the current evaluation practice on diffusion-based purification methods. Diffusion-based purification methods aim to remove adversarial effects from an input data point at test time. The approach gains increasing attention as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Minjong Lee , Dongwoo Kim

Adversarial purification is a kind of defense technique that can defend against various unseen adversarial attacks without modifying the victim classifier. Existing methods often depend on external generative models or cooperation between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Erhu Liu , Zonglin Yang , Bo Liu , Bin Xiao , Xiuli Bi

Several companies often safeguard their trained deep models (i.e., details of architecture, learnt weights, training details etc.) from third-party users by exposing them only as black boxes through APIs. Moreover, they may not even provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Gaurav Kumar Nayak , Inder Khatri , Ruchit Rawal , Anirban Chakraborty

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tao Xiang , Hangcheng Liu , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Liao

Neural networks have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, yet they remain susceptible to adversarial perturbations, which pose significant risks in safety-critical applications. With the rise of multimodality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xinxin Liu , Zhongliang Guo , Siyuan Huang , Chun Pong Lau

Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved significant success across multiple computer vision tasks. However, they are vulnerable to carefully crafted, human-imperceptible adversarial noise patterns which constrain their deployment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Aamir Mustafa , Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

Adversarial attacks have become a well-explored domain, frequently serving as evaluation baselines for model robustness. Among these, black-box attacks based on transferability have received significant attention due to their practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chun Tong Lei , Zhongliang Guo , Hon Chung Lee , Minh Quoc Duong , Chun Pong Lau

Solving for adversarial examples with projected gradient descent has been demonstrated to be highly effective in fooling the neural network based classifiers. However, in the black-box setting, the attacker is limited only to the query…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Seungyong Moon , Gaon An , Hyun Oh Song

Adversarial purification refers to a class of defense methods that remove adversarial perturbations using a generative model. These methods do not make assumptions on the form of attack and the classification model, and thus can defend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Weili Nie , Brandon Guo , Yujia Huang , Chaowei Xiao , Arash Vahdat , Anima Anandkumar

Adversarial attacks have emerged as a major challenge to the trustworthy deployment of machine learning models, particularly in computer vision applications. These attacks have a varied level of potency and can be implemented in both white…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Nandish Chattopadhyay , Abdul Basit , Bassem Ouni , Muhammad Shafique

Recent work indicates that video recognition models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, posing a serious security risk to downstream applications. However, current research has primarily focused on adversarial attacks, with limited work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Kaixun Jiang , Zhaoyu Chen , Jiyuan Fu , Lingyi Hong , Jinglun Li , Wenqiang Zhang

Despite their tremendous success in modelling high-dimensional data manifolds, deep neural networks suffer from the threat of adversarial attacks - Existence of perceptually valid input-like samples obtained through careful perturbation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Vinay Kyatham , Mayank Mishra , Tarun Kumar Yadav , Deepak Mishra , Prathosh AP

This work presents an information-theoretic examination of diffusion-based purification methods, the state-of-the-art adversarial defenses that utilize diffusion models to remove malicious perturbations in adversarial examples. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Geigh Zollicoffer , Minh Vu , Ben Nebgen , Juan Castorena , Boian Alexandrov , Manish Bhattarai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in security-sensitive applications, yet remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks. However, existing backdoor defenses are difficult to operationalize for Backdoor Defense-as-a-Service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Chen Chen , Yuchen Sun , Jiaxin Gao , Yanwen Jia , Xueluan Gong , Qian Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam

Deep learning models have been widely used in commercial acoustic systems in recent years. However, adversarial audio examples can cause abnormal behaviors for those acoustic systems, while being hard for humans to perceive. Various…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Shutong Wu , Jiongxiao Wang , Wei Ping , Weili Nie , Chaowei Xiao