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Generating accurate SQL from users' natural language questions (text-to-SQL) remains a long-standing challenge due to the complexities involved in user question understanding, database schema comprehension, and SQL generation. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Hao Chen , Junnan Dong , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Text-to-SQL prompt strategies based on Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance on well-known benchmarks. However, when applied to real-world databases, their performance is significantly less than for these benchmarks,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool in advancing the Text-to-SQL task, significantly outperforming traditional methods.Nevertheless, as a nascent research field, there is still no consensus on the optimal prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Bin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Zhishuai Li , Chi Harold Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Guoliang Fan , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao

Text-to-SQL models have significantly improved with the adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), leading to their increasing use in real-world applications. Although many benchmarks exist for evaluating the performance of text-to-SQL…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sepideh Abedini , M. Tamer Özsu

Text-to-SQL conversion is a critical innovation, simplifying the transition from complex SQL to intuitive natural language queries, especially significant given SQL's prevalence in the job market across various roles. The rise of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tingkai Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Cong Liao , Jun Wang , Xudong Zhao , Hang Yu , Jianchao Wang , Jianguo Li , Wenhui Shi

With Large Language Models' (LLMs) emergent abilities on code generation tasks, Text-to-SQL has become one of the most popular downstream applications. Despite the strong results of multiple recent LLM-based Text-to-SQL frameworks, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Dazhi Peng

Leading models for the text-to-SQL task heavily rely on proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs), posing concerns over data privacy. Closing the performance gap between small open-source models and large proprietary models is crucial to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Confidence estimation for text-to-SQL aims to assess the reliability of model-generated SQL queries without having access to gold answers. We study this problem in the context of large language models (LLMs), where access to model weights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sepideh Entezari Maleki , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, has long been a central challenge in NLP. While progress has been significant, applying it to the financial domain remains especially difficult due to complex…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-03 Avinash Kumar Singh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Text-to-SQL datasets are essential for training and evaluating text-to-SQL models, but existing datasets often suffer from limited coverage and fail to capture the diversity of real-world applications. To address this, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hao Wang , Yuanfeng Song , Xiaoming Yin , Xing Chen

The text-to-SQL task aims to convert natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL) without bias. Recently, text-to-SQL methods based on large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention. The core of mainstream…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zeshun You , Jiebin Yao , Dong Cheng , Zhiwei Wen , Zhiliang Lu , Xianyi Shen

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to interact with structured data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results on the text-to-SQL task, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Gong , Chuan Lei , Xiao Qin , Kapil Vaidya , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Tim Kraska

Although multi-agent collaborative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in the Text-to-SQL task, their performance is still constrained by various factors. These factors include the incompleteness of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xiangjin Xie , Guangwei Xu , Lingyan Zhao , Ruijie Guo

Large Language models (LLMs) usually rely on extensive training datasets. In the financial domain, creating numerical reasoning datasets that include a mix of tables and long text often involves substantial manual annotation expenses. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ziqiang Yuan , Kaiyuan Wang , Shoutai Zhu , Ye Yuan , Jingya Zhou , Yanlin Zhu , Wenqi Wei

Large language models (LLMs) becomes the dominant paradigm for the challenging task of text-to-SQL. LLM-empowered text-to-SQL methods are typically categorized into prompting-based and tuning approaches. Compared to prompting-based methods,…

Translating natural language questions into SQL has become a core challenge in enabling non-technical users to query databases. While recent work has explored large-scale synthetic data generation to improve model performance through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hasan Alp Caferoğlu , Mehmet Serhat Çelik , Özgür Ulusoy

Evaluating text-to-SQL systems remains largely fragile: correctness is typically judged by executing predicted and gold SQL queries on a single static database, even though the same queries may behave differently under alternative database…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mohammadamin Habibollah , Davood Rafiei

Text-to-SQL converts natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to access relational databases for analytics and intelligent data services. In real-world scenarios, performance is often constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tianhao Qiu , Xiaojun Chen

Text-to-SQL systems enable users to interact with structured databases using natural language, eliminating the need for specialized programming knowledge. In this work, we introduce GEMMA-SQL, a lightweight and efficient text-to-SQL model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Hari Mohan Pandey , Anshul Gupta , Subham Sarkar , Minakshi Tomer , Schneider Johannes , Yan Gong

Text-to-SQL and Big Data are both extensively benchmarked fields, yet there is limited research that evaluates them jointly. In the real world, Text-to-SQL systems are often embedded with Big Data workflows, such as large-scale data…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Germán T. Eizaguirre , Lars Tissen , Marc Sánchez-Artigas