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Automatic speech recognition (ASR) outcomes serve as input for downstream tasks, substantially impacting the satisfaction level of end-users. Hence, the diagnosis and enhancement of the vulnerabilities present in the ASR model bear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Seonmin Koo , Chanjun Park , Jinsung Kim , Jaehyung Seo , Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

In recent years, all-neural, end-to-end (E2E) ASR systems gained rapid interest in the speech recognition community. They convert speech input to text units in a single trainable Neural Network model. In ASR, many utterances contain rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Rongqing Huang , Ossama Abdel-hamid , Xinwei Li , Gunnar Evermann

While end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models excel at general transcription, they struggle to recognize rare or unseen named entities (e.g., contact names, locations), which are critical for downstream applications like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ramaneswaran Selvakumar , Cindy Tseng , Eesung Kim , Vijendra Raj Apsingekar , Yun Tang

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) systems have significantly improved speech recognition through training on extensive datasets. Despite these advancements, they still struggle to accurately recognize domain specific words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Jiwon Suh , Injae Na , Woohwan Jung

It is difficult for an E2E ASR system to recognize words such as entities appearing infrequently in the training data. A widely used method to mitigate this issue is feeding contextual information into the acoustic model. Previous works…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Zhanheng Yang , Sining Sun , Xiong Wang , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained success in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, considering the difference between speech accents in real scenarios, how to identify accents and use accent features to improve ASR is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-16 Keqi Deng , Songjun Cao , Long Ma

While speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have advanced standard automatic speech recognition (ASR), contextual biasing for named entities and rare words remains challenging, especially at scale. To address this, we propose BR-ASR: a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xun Gong , Anqi Lv , Zhiming Wang , Huijia Zhu , Yanmin Qian

End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has advanced significantly yet still struggles with rare and domain-specific entities. This paper introduces a simple yet efficient prompt-based biasing technique for contextualized ASR,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Bo Ren , Yu Shi , Jinyu Li

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often encounter difficulties in accurately recognizing rare words, leading to errors that can have a negative impact on downstream tasks such as keyword spotting, intent detection, and text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiajun He , Zekun Yang , Tomoki Toda

Effectively distinguishing the pronunciation correlations between different written texts is a significant issue in linguistic acoustics. Traditionally, such pronunciation correlations are obtained through manually designed pronunciation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Gaofeng Cheng , Haitian Lu , Chengxu Yang , Xuyang Wang , Ta Li , Yonghong Yan

Although end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) has achieved great performance in tasks that have numerous paired data, it is still challenging to make E2E ASR robust against noisy and low-resource conditions. In this study, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Emiru Tsunoo , Kentaro Shibata , Chaitanya Narisetty , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Shinji Watanabe

Prompts are crucial to large language models as they provide context information such as topic or logical relationships. Inspired by this, we propose PromptASR, a framework that integrates prompts in end-to-end automatic speech recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Xiaoyu Yang , Wei Kang , Zengwei Yao , Yifan Yang , Liyong Guo , Fangjun Kuang , Long Lin , Daniel Povey

Confidence estimation, in which we estimate the reliability of each recognized token (e.g., word, sub-word, and character) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) hypotheses and detect incorrectly recognized tokens, is an important function…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-25 Atsunori Ogawa , Naohiro Tawara , Takatomo Kano , Marc Delcroix

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically rely on an external endpointer (EP) model to identify speech boundaries. In this work, we propose a method to jointly train the ASR and EP tasks in a single end-to-end (E2E) multitask…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Shaan Bijwadia , Shuo-yiin Chang , Bo Li , Tara Sainath , Chao Zhang , Yanzhang He

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition models like Recurrent Neural Networks Transducer (RNN-T) are becoming a popular choice for streaming ASR applications like voice assistants. While E2E models are very effective at learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Chhavi Choudhury , Ankur Gandhe , Xiaohan Ding , Ivan Bulyko

Contextual automatic speech recognition, i.e., biasing recognition towards a given context (e.g. user's playlists, or contacts), is challenging in end-to-end (E2E) models. Such models maintain a limited number of candidates during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Ke Hu , Antoine Bruguier , Tara N. Sainath , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Golan Pundak

Fast contextual adaptation has shown to be effective in improving Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of rare words and when combined with an on-device personalized training, it can yield an even better recognition result. However, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Khe Chai Sim , Angad Chandorkar , Fan Gao , Mason Chua , Trevor Strohman , Françoise Beaufays

End-2-end (E2E) models have become increasingly popular in some ASR tasks because of their performance and advantages. These E2E models directly approximate the posterior distribution of tokens given the acoustic inputs. Consequently, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Jesús Andrés-Ferrer , Dario Albesano , Puming Zhan , Paul Vozila

Recognition of uncommon words such as names and technical terminology is important to understanding conversations in context. However, the ability to recognise such words remains a challenge in modern automatic speech recognition (ASR)…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Namkyu Jung , Geonmin Kim , Joon Son Chung

Contextual ASR, which takes a list of bias terms as input along with audio, has drawn recent interest as ASR use becomes more widespread. We are releasing contextual biasing lists to accompany the Earnings21 dataset, creating a public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Jennifer Drexler Fox , Natalie Delworth