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Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) must be sufficiently tested to ensure their safety. Though various ADS testing methods have shown promising results, they are limited to a fixed set of vehicle characteristics settings (VCSs). The impact of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Qi Pan , Tiexin Wang , Paolo Arcaini , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a quality management method that aims to systematically investigate and identify the cause-and-effect relationships of problems and their underlying causes. Traditional methods are based on the analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Lucas Possner , Lukas Bahr , Leonard Roehl , Christoph Wehner , Sophie Groeger

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Rapid improvements in the performance of machine learning models have pushed them to the forefront of data-driven decision-making. Meanwhile, the increased integration of these models into various application domains has further highlighted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Oscar Gomez , Steffen Holter , Jun Yuan , Enrico Bertini

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

This work introduces a framework to diagnose the strengths and shortcomings of Autonomous Vehicle (AV) collision avoidance technology with synthetic yet realistic potential collision scenarios adapted from real-world, collision-free data.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Robert Dyro , Matthew Foutter , Ruolin Li , Luigi Di Lillo , Edward Schmerling , Xilin Zhou , Marco Pavone

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Extensive simulation-based testing is important for assuring the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, generating safety-critical traffic scenarios remains challenging because failures often arise from rare, complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dmytro Humeniuk , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Houssem Ben Braiek , Amel Bennaceur , Foutse Khomh

Pioneers of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promised to revolutionize the driving experience and driving safety. However, milestones in AVs have materialized slower than forecast. Two culprits are (1) the lack of verifiability of proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 R. Spencer Hallyburton , Shucheng Zhang , Miroslav Pajic

A growing number of vehicles are being transformed into semi-autonomous vehicles (Level 2 autonomy) by relying on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to improve the driving experience. However, the increasing complexity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Xugui Zhou , Anna Schmedding , Haotian Ren , Lishan Yang , Philip Schowitz , Evgenia Smirni , Homa Alemzadeh

End-to-end autonomous driving systems have achieved significant progress, yet their adversarial robustness remains largely underexplored. In this work, we conduct a closed-loop evaluation of state-of-the-art autonomous driving agents under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ishan Sahu , Somnath Hazra , Somak Aditya , Soumyajit Dey

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are prone to revolutionise the transportation industry. However, they must be thoroughly tested to avoid safety violations. Simulation testing plays a crucial role in finding safety violations of Automated Driving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

The MUSICC project has created a proof-of-concept scenario database to be used as part of a type approval process for the verification of automated driving systems (ADS). This process must include a highly automated means of evaluating test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Robert Myers , Zeyn Saigol

Autonomous driving has shown great potential to reform modern transportation. Yet its reliability and safety have drawn a lot of attention and concerns. Compared with traditional software systems, autonomous driving systems (ADSs) often use…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Guannan Lou , Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Mengshi Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

Validating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is a strategic issue, since such systems are becoming increasingly widespread in the automotive field. ADAS bring extra comfort to drivers, and this has become a selling point. But these…

With fully automated driving systems (ADS; SAE level 4) ride-hailing services expanding in the US, we are now approaching an inflection point, where the process of retrospectively evaluating ADS safety impact can start to yield…

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technology, has advanced autonomous driving systems (ADSs) by providing precise control decisions to counterpart almost any driving event, spanning from anti-fatigue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Yao Deng , Tiehua Zhang , Guannan Lou , Xi Zheng , Jiong Jin , Qing-Long Han

Deep learning-based models are widely deployed in autonomous driving areas, especially the increasingly noticed end-to-end solutions. However, the black-box property of these models raises concerns about their trustworthiness and safety for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Jiankun Li , Hao Li , Jiangjiang Liu , Zhikang Zou , Xiaoqing Ye , Fan Wang , Jizhou Huang , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Traffic collision reconstruction traditionally relies on human expertise and can be accurate, but pre-crash reconstruction is more challenging. This study develops a multi-agent AI framework that reconstructs pre-crash scenarios and infers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Gerui Xu , Boyou Chen , Huizhong Guo , Dave LeBlanc , Arpan Kusari , Efe Yarbasi , Ananna Ahmed , Zhaonan Sun , Shan Bao