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An elimination tree for a connected graph $G$ is a rooted tree on the vertices of $G$ obtained by choosing a root $x$ and recursing on the connected components of $G-x$ to produce the subtrees of $x$. Elimination trees appear in many guises…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jean Cardinal , Arturo Merino , Torsten Mütze

We study Thurston equivalence classes of quadratic post-critically finite branched coverings. For these maps, we introduce and study invariant spanning trees. We give a computational procedure for searching for invariant spanning trees.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Anastasia Shepelevtseva , Vladlen Timorin

We give combinatorial criteria for predicting the transcendental weight of Feynman integrals of certain graphs in $\phi^4$ theory. By studying spanning forest polynomials, we obtain operations on graphs which are weight-preserving, and a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-17 Francis Brown , Karen Yeats

A cubic polynomial $P$ with a non-repelling fixed point $b$ is said to be \emph{immediately renormalizable} if there exists a (connected) quadratic-like invariant filled Julia set $K^*$ such that $b\in K^*$. In that case exactly one…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Alexander Blokh , Lex Oversteegen , Vladlen Timorin

Answering a question posed by Adam Epstein, we show that the collection of conjugacy classes of polynomials admitting a parabolic fixed point and at most one infinite critical orbit is a set of bounded height in the relevant moduli space.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-19 Patrick Ingram

We describe the iterated monodromy groups associated with post-critically finite quadratic polynomials, and explicit their connection to the `kneading sequence' of the polynomial. We then give recursive presentations by generators and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Laurent Bartholdi , Volodymyr V. Nekrashevych

Jones conjectures the arboreal representation of a degree two rational map will have finite index in the full automorphism group of a binary rooted tree except under certain conditions. We prove a version of Jones' Conjecture for quadratic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-20 Jamie Juul , Holly Krieger , Nicole Looper , Michelle Manes , Bianca Thompson , Laura Walton

We prove that the wired uniform spanning forest exhibits mean-field behaviour on a very large class of graphs, including every transitive graph of at least quintic volume growth and every bounded degree nonamenable graph. Several of our…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Tom Hutchcroft

We define iterated monodromy groups of more general structures than partial self-covering. This generalization makes it possible to define a natural notion of a combinatorial model of an expanding dynamical system. We prove that a naturally…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Volodymyr Nekrashevych

We study a class of combinatorial objects that we call "decorated trees". These consist of vertices, arrows and edges, where each edge is decorated by two integers (one near each of its endpoints), each arrow is decorated by an integer, and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Pierrette Cassou-Noguès , Daniel Daigle

Chip firing provides a way to study the sandpile group (also known as the Jacobian) of a graph. We use a generalized version of chip firing to bound the number of invariant factors of the critical group of an arithmetical structure on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Kassie Archer , Alexander Diaz-Lopez , Darren Glass , Joel Louwsma

We give a combinatorial classification of postsingularly finite exponential maps in terms of external addresses starting with the entry 0. This is an extension of the classification results for critically preperiodic polynomials \cite{BFH}…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Bastian Laubner , Dierk Schleicher , Vlad Vicol

Rooted trees are essential for describing numerical schemes via the so-called B-series. They have also been used extensively in rough analysis for expanding solutions of singular Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs). When one…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Yvain Bruned , Paul Laubie

One of the main virtues of trees is to represent formal solutions of various functional equations which can be cast in the form of fixed point problems. Basic examples include differential equations and functional (Lagrange) inversion in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Florent Hivert , Jean-Christophe Novelli , Jean-Yves Thibon

We extend the definition of an orbit portrait to the context of non-autonomous iteration, both for the combinatorial version involving collections of angles and for the dynamic version involving external rays where combinatorial portraits…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-07-04 Mark Comerford , Todd Woodard

We examine the behavior of the sequences of $p$-adic valuations of quadratic polynomials with integer coefficients for an odd prime $p$ through tree representations. Under this representation, a finite tree corresponds to a periodic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Will Boultinghouse , Emily Hammett , Stephen Hu , Olena Kozhushkina , Rachel Snyder , Justin Trulen

We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Reinhard Diestel

We consider the creation conditions of diverse hierarchical trees both analytically and numerically. A connection between the probabilities to create hierarchical levels and the probability to associate these levels into a united structure…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-06-21 A. I. Olemskoi , S. S. Borysov , I. A. Shuda

We describe a combinatorial approach for investigating properties of rational numbers. The overall approach rests on structural bijections between rational numbers and familiar combinatorial objects, namely rooted trees. We emphasize that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Edinah K. Gnang , Chetan Tonde

Certain families of combinatorial objects admit recursive descriptions in terms of generating trees: each node of the tree corresponds to an object, and the branch leading to the node encodes the choices made in the construction of the…