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Federated learning (FL) is a distributed paradigm that coordinates massive local clients to collaboratively train a global model via stage-wise local training processes on the heterogeneous dataset. Previous works have implicitly studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Li Shen , Yan Sun , Dacheng Tao

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a crucial distributed training paradigm, enabling discrete devices to collaboratively train a shared model under the coordination of a central server, while leveraging their locally stored private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Wenhao Yuan , Xuehe Wang

Federated learning (FL) aims at optimizing a shared global model over multiple edge devices without transmitting (private) data to the central server. While it is theoretically well-known that FL yields an optimal model -- centrally trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Youngjoon Lee , Sangwoo Park , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for distributed learning when data is private and sensitive. However, the state-of-the-art solutions in this framework are not optimal when data is heterogeneous and non-Independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Martin Isaksson , Edvin Listo Zec , Rickard Cöster , Daniel Gillblad , Šarūnas Girdzijauskas

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated learning (FL), which has gained increasing attention recently, enables distributed devices to train a common machine learning (ML) model for intelligent inference cooperatively without data sharing. However, problems in practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yujie Zhou , Zhidu Li , Tong Tang , Ruyan Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly popular machine learning paradigm in which multiple nodes try to collaboratively learn under privacy, communication and multiple heterogeneity constraints. A persistent problem in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Elnur Gasanov , Ahmed Khaled , Samuel Horváth , Peter Richtárik

Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables all the involved devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their local data privacy. However, for non-IID scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Ming Hu , Tian Liu , Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Mingsong Chen

Federated Learning is a novel paradigm that involves learning from data samples distributed across a large network of clients while the data remains local. It is, however, known that federated learning is prone to multiple system challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Isidoros Tziotis , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Ramtin Pedarsani

As a promising paradigm federated Learning (FL) is widely used in privacy-preserving machine learning, which allows distributed devices to collaboratively train a model while avoiding data transmission among clients. Despite its immense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Jinglong Shen , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Longfei Ma , Conghao Zhou , Yuan Zhang

Federated learning enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn a global model by periodically aggregating the clients' models without transferring the local data. However, due to the heterogeneity of the system and data, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Xiaofeng Ding , Hai Jin , Zheng Xu , Lichao Sun

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm under privacy constraint. Data heterogeneity is one of the main challenges in FL, which results in slow convergence and degraded performance. Most existing approaches only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lin Zhang , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Ling-Yu Duan

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning framework in communication network systems. However, the systems' Non-Independent and Identically Distributed (Non-IID) data negatively affect the convergence efficiency of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ping Luo , Xiaoge Deng , Ziqing Wen , Tao Sun , Dongsheng Li

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative machine learning training without sharing private data. Numerous studies have shown that one significant factor affecting the performance of federated learning models is the heterogeneity of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Liang Kuang , Kuangpu Guo , Jian Liang , Jianguo Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) allows edge devices (or clients) to keep data locally while simultaneously training a shared high-quality global model. However, current research is generally based on an assumption that the training data of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Zhe Zhang , Shiyao Ma , Jiangtian Nie , Yi Wu , Qiang Yan , Xiaoke Xu , Dusit Niyato

Federated Learning (FL) is a learning paradigm that protects privacy by keeping client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be difficult due to the diversity and heterogeneity of the learning system. Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongxin Guo , Tao Lin , Xiaoying Tang

Calibrating machine learning models so that predicted probabilities better reflect the true outcome frequencies is crucial for reliable decision-making across many applications. In Federated Learning (FL), the goal is to train a global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Samuel Maddock , Graham Cormode , Carsten Maple