Related papers: Breaking bubbles across multiple timescales in tur…
The dispersed phase in liquid-liquid emulsions and air-liquid mixtures can often be fragmented into smaller sizes by the surrounding turbulent carrier phase. The critical parameter that controls this process is the breakup frequency, which…
We experimentally investigate the breakup mechanisms and probability of Hinze-scale bubbles in turbulence. The Hinze scale is defined as the critical bubble size based on the critical mean Weber number, across which the bubble breakup…
From air-sea gas exchange, oil pollution, to bioreactors, the ubiquitous fragmentation of bubbles/drops in turbulence has been modelled by relying on the classical Kolmogorov-Hinze paradigm since the 1950s. This framework hypothesizes that…
Fragmentation of bubbles and droplets in turbulence produces a dispersed phase spanning a broad range of scales, encompassing everything from droplets in nanoemulsions to centimeter-sized bubbles entrained in breaking waves. Along with…
Bubbles drive gas and chemical transfers in various industrial and geophysical contexts, in which flows are typically turbulent. As gas and chemical transfers are bubble size dependent, their quantification requires a prediction of bubble…
The formation of small droplets and bubbles in turbulent flows is a crucial process in geophysics and engineering, whose underlying physical mechanism remains a puzzle. In this letter, we address this problem by means of high-resolution…
Breaking waves generate a distribution of bubble sizes that evolves over time. Knowledge of how this distribution evolves is of practical importance for maritime and climate studies. The analytical framework developed in Part 1 examined how…
Breaking waves entrain gas beneath the surface. The wave-breaking process energizes turbulent fluctuations that break bubbles in quick succession to generate a wide range of bubble sizes. Understanding this generation mechanism paves the…
The formation of a single bubble from an orifice in a solid surface, submerged in an in- compressible, viscous Newtonian liquid, is simulated. The finite element method is used to capture the multiscale physics associated with the problem…
The bubble size distribution below a breaking wave is of paramount interest when quantifying mass exchanges between the atmosphere and oceans. Mass fluxes at the interface are driven by bubbles that are small compared to the Hinze scale…
Internal waves, or waves that propagate within a stratified fluid, may break and cause mixing. While each individual mixing event may be small, collectively, internal wave breaking drive processes in the ocean that are critical to…
Wave breaking is a critical process in the upper ocean: an energy sink for the surface wave field and a source for turbulence in the ocean surface boundary layer. We apply a novel multi-layer numerical solver resolving upper-ocean dynamics…
The interaction of multiple bubbles is a complex physical problem. A simplified case of multiple bubbles is studied theoretically with a bubble located at the center of a circular bubble cluster. All bubbles in the cluster are equally…
When a large air cavity breaks in a turbulent flow, it goes through very large deformations and cascading events of new interface formation, including elongated filaments and bubbles over a wide range of scales, with their rate of formation…
Bubbles play an important role in the transport of chemicals and nutrients in many natural and industrial flows. Their dispersion is crucial to understand the mixing processes in these flows. Here we report on the dispersion of millimetric…
It is commonly accepted that the breakup criteria of drops or bubbles in turbulence is governed by surface tension and inertia. However, also {\it{buoyancy}} can play an important role at breakup. In order to better understand this role,…
Breakup of drop/bubble can be viewed as a result of fundamental force balance when the disruptive force is greater than the restorative force. A disruptive force acting on the drop/bubble tries to deform it, whereas a restorative force…
The cosmological remnants of a first-order phase transition generally depend on the perturbations that the walls of expanding bubbles originate in the plasma. Several of the formation mechanisms occur when bubbles collide and lose their…
The spatio-temporal dynamics of separation bubbles induced to form in a fully-developed turbulent boundary layer (with Reynolds number based on momentum thickness of the boundary layer of 490) over a flat plate are studied via direct…
Using high-speed video, we have studied air bubbles detaching from an underwater nozzle. As a bubble distorts, it forms a thin neck which develops a singular shape as it pinches off. As in other singularities, the minimum neck radius scales…