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The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in AI infrastructure, driving the need for high throughput, resource efficient serving systems. Disaggregated LLM serving, which separates prompt prefill from auto-regressive decode,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Jianmin Hu , Chong Ma , Min Shen , Le Chen , Chengzhong Xu , Lin Qu , Kejiang Ye

Prefill-Decode (P/D) disaggregation has emerged as a widely adopted optimization strategy for Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, there currently exists no well-established methodology for determining the optimal number of P/D…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luchang Li , Dongfang Li , Bozhao Gong , Yu Zhang

The growing demand for large language models (LLMs) requires serving systems to handle many concurrent requests with diverse service level objectives (SLOs). This exacerbates head-of-line (HoL) blocking during the compute-intensive prefill…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Chia-chi Hsieh , Zan Zong , Xinyang Chen , Jianjiang Li , Jidong Zhai , Lijie Wen

Large language model (LLM) serving demands low latency and high throughput, but high load variability makes it challenging to achieve high GPU utilization. In this paper, we identify a synergetic but overlooked opportunity to co-serve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Qiao , Shu Anzai , Shan Yu , Haoran Ma , Shuo Yang , Yang Wang , Miryung Kim , Yongji Wu , Yang Zhou , Jiarong Xing , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu

Deploying multiple models within shared GPU clusters is a key strategy to improve resource efficiency in large language model (LLM) serving. Existing multi-LLM serving systems improve GPU utilization at the cost of degraded inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chiheng Lou , Sheng Qi , Rui Kang , Yong Zhang , Chen Sun , Pengcheng Wang , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large multimodal models (LMMs) typically employ an encoding module to transform multimodal data inputs into embeddings, which are then fed to language models for further processing. However, efficiently serving LMMs remains highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tianyu Guo , Tianming Xu , Xianjie Chen , Junru Chen , Nong Xiao , Xianwei Zhang

Serving disaggregated large language models has been widely adopted in industrial practice for enhanced performance. However, too many tokens generated in decoding phase, i.e., occupying the resources for a long time, essentially hamper the…

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance in generative tasks but also introduce significant challenges in real-world serving due to inefficient use of the expensive, computation-optimized accelerators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shaoyuan Chen , Wencong Xiao , Yutong Lin , Mingxing Zhang , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Kang Chen , Yongwei Wu

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Serving large language models (LLMs) to millions of users requires efficient resource allocation and parallelism strategies. It is a labor intensive trial-and-error process to find such a strategy. We present BestServe, a novel framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiannan Hu , Tianyou Zeng , Xiaoming Yuan , Liwei Song , Guangyuan Zhang , Bangzheng He

LAPS identifies and disaggregates requests with different prompt lengths in LLM serving to reduce TTFT latency. While recent systems have decoupled the prefill and decode stages to improve throughput, they still rely on unified scheduling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jianshu She , Zonghang Li , Hongchao Du , Shangyu Wu , Wenhao Zheng , Eric Xing , Zhengzhong Liu , Huaxiu Yao , Jason Xue , Qirong Ho

Modern large language model (LLM) applications exhibit diverse service-level objectives (SLOs), from low-latency requirements in interactive coding assistants to more relaxed constraints in data wrangling tasks. Existing LLM serving…

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), multi-round workflows, such as autonomous agents and iterative retrieval, have become increasingly prevalent. However, this raises hurdles for serving LLMs under prefill-decode (PD)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wenhao He , Youhe Jiang , Penghao Zhao , Quanqing Xu , Eiko Yoneki , Bin Cui , Fangcheng Fu

The architectural shift to prefill/decode (PD) disaggregation in LLM serving improves resource utilization but struggles with the bursty nature of modern workloads. Existing autoscaling policies, often retrofitted from monolithic systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Ruiqi Lai , Hongrui Liu , Chengzhi Lu , Zonghao Liu , Siyu Cao , Siyang Shao , Yixin Zhang , Luo Mai , Dmitrii Ustiugov

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Models (ARMs), utilizing parallel decoding to overcome sequential bottlenecks. However, existing research focuses primarily on kernel-level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

Large Language Model (LLM) serving must meet stringent Service Level Objectives (SLOs) for both the prefill and decode phases. Some existing solutions disaggregate the two phases, causing potential resource idleness or compute redundancy.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yukang Chen , Weihao Cui , Han Zhao , Ziyi Xu , Xiaoze Fan , Xusheng Chen , Yangjie Zhou , Shixuan Sun , Bingsheng He , Quan Chen

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for querying relational data has given rise to relQuery, a workload pattern that applies templated LLM calls to structured tables. As relQuery services become more widely adopted in applications such…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xin Zhang , Shihong Gao , Yanyan Shen , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

In this paper, we propose DEEPSERVE, a scalable and serverless AI platform designed to efficiently serve large language models (LLMs) at scale in cloud environments. DEEPSERVE addresses key challenges such as resource allocation, serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Junhao Hu , Jiang Xu , Zhixia Liu , Yulong He , Yuetao Chen , Hao Xu , Jiang Liu , Jie Meng , Baoquan Zhang , Shining Wan , Gengyuan Dan , Zhiyu Dong , Zhihao Ren , Changhong Liu , Tao Xie , Dayun Lin , Qin Zhang , Yue Yu , Hao Feng , Xusheng Chen , Yizhou Shan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan