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Direct computer simulation of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) in weather models is limited by computational expense. Intense TCs are rare and have small-scale structures, making it difficult to produce large ensembles of storms at high…
The goal of this research is to investigate how well various turbulence models can describe physical properties of the upper convective boundary layer of the Sun. An accurate modeling of the turbulence motions is necessary for understanding…
Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting is critical for disaster warning and emergency response. Deep learning methods address computational challenges but often neglect physical relationships between TC attributes, resulting in predictions…
Rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) poses a great challenge due to their highly nonlinear dynamics and inherent uncertainties. Conventional statistical dynamics and artificial intelligence prediction models typically rely…
Tropical cyclones (TCs) rank among the most costly natural disasters in the United States, and accurate forecasts of track and intensity are critical for emergency response. Intensity guidance has improved steadily but slowly, as processes…
Radiative mixing layers arise wherever multiphase gas, shear, and radiative cooling are present. Simulations show that in steady state, thermal advection from the hot phase balances radiative cooling. However, many features are puzzling.…
Very short-term convective storm forecasting, termed nowcasting, has long been an important issue and has attracted substantial interest. Existing nowcasting methods rely principally on radar images and are limited in terms of nowcasting…
Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts are ultimately issued by human forecasters. The human in-the-loop pipeline requires that any forecasting guidance must be easily digestible by TC experts if it is to be adopted at operational…
Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves (CCEWs) dominate atmospheric variability on timescales of 2--30 days in the Tropics, bringing episodes of widespread heavy precipitation. This study compares the representation of CCEWs and their…
Multi-wavelength surveys place cloud dispersal at 1-5 Myr after massive stars emerge, before the first supernovae. Whether a cloud disperses, re-collapses, or leaks Lyman-continuum (LyC) photons depends on how pre-supernova winds, radiation…
We present a deep-learning Variational Encoder-Decoder (VED) framework for learning data-driven low-dimensional representations of the relationship between high-dimensional parameters of a physical system and the system's high-dimensional…
Convection plays an essential role in the emerging intensity for many stars that will be observed by Gaia. Convective-related surface structures affect the shape, shift, and asymmetry of absorption lines, the phocentric and photometric…
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powerful, natural phenomena that can severely impact populations and infrastructure. Enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms driving their intensification is crucial for mitigating these impacts. To this…
Predicting typhoon intensity accurately across space and time is crucial for issuing timely disaster warnings and facilitating emergency response. This has vast potential for minimizing life losses and property damages as well as reducing…
Deep and shallow convection calculations occupy significant times in atmosphere models. These calculations also present significant load imbalances due to varying cloud covers over different regions of the grid. In this work, we accelerate…
A large fraction of known terrestrial-size exoplanets located in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarfs are expected to be tidally-locked. Numerous efforts have been conducted to study the climate of such planets, using in particular 3-D Global…
Numerical weather prediction models rely on parameterizations for subgrid-scale processes, e.g., for cloud microphysics. These parameterizations are a well-known source of uncertainty in weather forecasts that can be quantified via…
This paper describes a series of 3D simulations of shallow inefficient convection in the outer layers of the Sun. The computational domain is a closed box containing the convection-radiation transition layer, located at the top of the solar…
Tropical Cyclone (TC) estimation aims to accurately estimate various TC attributes in real time. However, distribution shifts arising from the complex and dynamic nature of TC environmental fields, such as varying geographical conditions…
Future telescopes will characterize rocky exoplanets in reflected light, revealing their albedo, which depends on surface, cloud, and atmospheric properties. Identifying these features is crucial for assessing habitability. We present…