Related papers: Why the classes P and NP are not well-defined fini…
Machine learning researchers and practitioners steadily enlarge the multitude of successful learning models. They achieve this through in-depth theoretical analyses and experiential heuristics. However, there is no known general-purpose…
I shall argue that a resolution of the PvNP problem requires building an iff bridge between the domain of provability and that of computability. The former concerns how a human intelligence decides the truth of number-theoretic relations,…
In this note we observe that automated theorem provers (ATPs) that recursively enumerate theorems in a particular way will fail to identify some valid theorems for a reason that is analogous to how G\"odel proved the existence of what are…
This paper provides a new and more direct proof of the assertion that a Turing computable function of the natural numbers is primitive recursive if and only if the time complexity of the corresponding Turing machine is bounded by a…
This paper presents a complete algorithmic study of the decision Boolean Satisfiability Problem under the classical computation and quantum computation theories. The paper depicts deterministic and probabilistic algorithms, propositions of…
This paper considers the question of P = NP in context of the polynomial time SAT algorithm. It posits proposition dependent on existence of conjectured problem that even where the algorithm is shown to solve SAT in polynomial time it…
We are interested in the following validation problem for computational reductions: for algorithmic problems $P$ and $P^\star$, is a given candidate reduction indeed a reduction from $P$ to $P^\star$? Unsurprisingly, this problem is…
We show that there cannot be any algorithm that for a given nondeterministic polynomial-time Turing machine determinates whether or not the language recognized by this machine belongs to P
The $\textbf{P}$ vs. $\textbf{NP}$ problem is an important problem in contemporary mathematics and theoretical computer science. Many proofs have been proposed to this problem. This paper proposes a theoretic proof for $\textbf{P}$ vs.…
This article discusses completeness of Boolean Algebra as First Order Theory in Goedel's meaning. If Theory is complete then any possible transformation is equivalent to some transformation using axioms, predicates etc. defined for this…
We prove the undecidability of determining whether a Turing machine yields an eventually periodic trajectory. From this, we deduce the undecidability of orbit finiteness in the polynomial dynamical system on infinite tuples of integers.
In this paper we consider a fragment of the first-order theory of the real numbers that includes systems of equations of continuous functions in bounded domains, and for which all functions are computable in the sense that it is possible to…
We give a precise definition of a formal mathematical object as any symbol for an individual constant, predicate letter, or a function letter that can be introduced through definition into a formal mathematical language without inviting…
If we define classical foundational concepts constructively, and introduce non-algorithmic effective methods into classical mathematics, then we can bridge the chasm between truth and provability, and define computational methods that are…
There have been many attempts to solve the P versus NP problem. However, with a new proof method, P not equal NP can be proved. A time limit is set for an arbitrary Turing machine and an input word is rejected on a timeout. The time limit…
An artificially designed Turing Machine algorithm $\mathbf{M}_{}^{o}$ generates the instances of the satisfiability problem, and check their satisfiability. Under the assumption $\mathcal{P}=\mathcal{NP}$, we show that $\mathbf{M}_{}^{o}$…
The complexity class $NP$ can be logically characterized both through existential second order logic $SO\exists$, as proven by Fagin, and through simulating a Turing machine via the satisfiability problem of propositional logic SAT, as…
Recently a great deal of attention has focused on quantum computation following a sequence of results suggesting that quantum computers are more powerful than classical probabilistic computers. Following Shor's result that factoring and the…
Experimental science usually relies on laboratory procedures that, after finitely many steps, terminate with numerical reports on physical quantities. This paper argues that such procedures can be understood as algorithmic once the…
By combining well-known techniques from both noncommutative algebra and computational commutative algebra, we observe that an algorithmic approach can be applied to the study of irreducible representations of finitely presented algebras. In…