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As text generated by large language models proliferates, it becomes vital to understand how humans engage with such text, and whether or not they are able to detect when the text they are reading did not originate with a human writer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Liam Dugan , Daphne Ippolito , Arun Kirubarajan , Sherry Shi , Chris Callison-Burch

Potential harms of Large Language Models such as mass misinformation and plagiarism can be partially mitigated if there exists a reliable way to detect machine generated text. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kaan Efe Keleş , Ömer Kaan Gürbüz , Mucahid Kutlu

Machine-generated texts (MGTs) pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, underscoring the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features of MGTs, are often more practical than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chenwang Wu , Yiuming Cheung , Bo Han , Shuhai Zhang , Defu Lian

Recent advances in generative pre-trained transformer large language models have emphasised the potential risks of unfair use of artificial intelligence (AI) generated content in an academic environment and intensified efforts in searching…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly sophisticated AI-generated content, posing significant challenges in distinguishing LLM-generated text from human-written language. Existing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siyuan Li , Xi Lin , Guangyan Li , Zehao Liu , Aodu Wulianghai , Li Ding , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

The use of machine learning (ML) models to assess and score textual data has become increasingly pervasive in an array of contexts including natural language processing, information retrieval, search and recommendation, and credibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Marialena Bevilacqua , Kezia Oketch , Ruiyang Qin , Will Stamey , Xinyuan Zhang , Yi Gan , Kai Yang , Ahmed Abbasi

The recent success of large language models for text generation poses a severe threat to academic integrity, as plagiarists can generate realistic paraphrases indistinguishable from original work. However, the role of large autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Frederic Kirstein , Bela Gipp

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate highly persuasive text, raising concerns about their misuse for propaganda, manipulation, and other harmful purposes. This leads us to our central question: Is LLM-generated persuasion more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Arkadiusz Modzelewski , Paweł Golik , Anna Kołos , Giovanni Da San Martino

With the advent of large language models (LLM), the line between human-crafted and machine-generated texts has become increasingly blurred. This paper delves into the inquiry of identifying discernible and unique linguistic properties in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zae Myung Kim , Kwang Hee Lee , Preston Zhu , Vipul Raheja , Dongyeop Kang

In this paper, a tool for detecting LLM AI text generation is developed based on the Transformer model, aiming to improve the accuracy of AI text generation detection and provide reference for subsequent research. Firstly the text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuhong Mo , Hao Qin , Yushan Dong , Ziyi Zhu , Zhenglin Li

Due to the recent improvements and wide availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have posed a serious threat to academic integrity in education. Modern LLM-generated text detectors attempt to combat the problem by offering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Michael Sheinman Orenstrakh , Oscar Karnalim , Carlos Anibal Suarez , Michael Liut

Recently there have been many shared tasks targeting the detection of generated text from Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these shared tasks tend to focus either on cases where text is limited to one particular domain or cases where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Liam Dugan , Andrew Zhu , Firoj Alam , Preslav Nakov , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant utility across various domains, they simultaneously are susceptible to exploitation for unethical purposes, including academic misconduct and dissemination of misinformation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Navid Ayoobi , Lily Knab , Wen Cheng , David Pantoja , Hamidreza Alikhani , Sylvain Flamant , Jin Kim , Arjun Mukherjee

With the advent of fluent generative language models that can produce convincing utterances very similar to those written by humans, distinguishing whether a piece of text is machine-generated or human-written becomes more challenging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Justus Mattern , Sicun Gao , Reza Shokri , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Large language models (LLMs) can produce text that closely resembles human writing. This capability raises concerns about misuse, including disinformation and content manipulation. Detecting AI-generated text is essential to maintain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Md. Rakibul Islam , Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , Md. Zahid Hossain , Farhad Uz Zaman , Md. Kamrozzaman Bhuiyan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have grown more powerful in language generation, producing fluent text and even imitating personal style. Yet, this ability also heightens the risk of identity impersonation. To the best of our knowledge, no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lang Gao , Xuhui Li , Chenxi Wang , Mingzhe Li , Wei Liu , Zirui Song , Jinghui Zhang , Rui Yan , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

The advent of instruction-tuned language models that convincingly mimic human writing poses a significant risk of abuse. However, such abuse may be counteracted with the ability to detect whether a piece of text was composed by a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Rafael Rivera Soto , Kailin Koch , Aleem Khan , Barry Chen , Marcus Bishop , Nicholas Andrews

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models has significantly increased the difficulty of distinguishing between human-written and AI generated texts, raising critical issues across academic, editorial, and social domains. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Cristian Buttaro , Irene Amerini

Existing machine-generated text (MGT) detection methods implicitly assume labels as the "golden standard". However, we reveal boundary ambiguity in MGT detection, implying that traditional training paradigms are inexact. Moreover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Defu Lian