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Evaluating reasoning ability in Large Language Models (LLMs) is important for advancing artificial intelligence, as it transcends mere linguistic task performance. It involves understanding whether these models truly understand information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Benjamin Grando Moreira

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Recent generations of language models have introduced Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that generate detailed thinking processes before providing answers. While these models demonstrate improved performance on reasoning benchmarks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Parshin Shojaee , Iman Mirzadeh , Keivan Alizadeh , Maxwell Horton , Samy Bengio , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive progress in mathematical reasoning tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on the accuracy of final answers, often overlooking the crucial…

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly with the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) built on the transformer architecture, has redefined the capabilities of natural language processing. These models now…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Andrea Matarazzo , Riccardo Torlone

Capability ontologies are increasingly used to model functionalities of systems or machines. The creation of such ontological models with all properties and constraints of capabilities is very complex and can only be done by ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Luis Miguel Vieira da Silva , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in generating personalized content and facilitating interactive dialogues, showcasing their remarkable aptitude for a myriad of applications. However, their capabilities in reasoning and providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Min Zhang , Sato Takumi , Jack Zhang , Jun Wang

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

The evaluation of mathematical reasoning capabilities is essential for advancing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in solving mathematical problems, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Bo Yang , Qingping Yang , Yingwei Ma , Runtao Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

In large language models (LLMs), code and reasoning reinforce each other: code offers an abstract, modular, and logic-driven structure that supports reasoning, while reasoning translates high-level goals into smaller, executable steps that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Dayu Yang , Tianyang Liu , Daoan Zhang , Antoine Simoulin , Xiaoyi Liu , Yuwei Cao , Zhaopu Teng , Xin Qian , Grey Yang , Jiebo Luo , Julian McAuley

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…

Mathematical reasoning and optimization are fundamental to artificial intelligence and computational problem-solving. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved AI-driven mathematical reasoning, theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ali Forootani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various natural language tasks, often achieving performances that surpass those of humans. Despite these advancements, the domain of mathematics presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ankit Satpute , Noah Giessing , Andre Greiner-Petter , Moritz Schubotz , Olaf Teschke , Akiko Aizawa , Bela Gipp

Numeral systems and units of measurement are two conjoined topics in activities of human beings and have mutual effects with the languages expressing them. Currently, the evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) often involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ancheng Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lei Wang , Min Yang , Ruifeng Xu

Recent advances in Language Models (LMs) have failed to mask their shortcomings particularly in the domain of reasoning. This limitation impacts several tasks, most notably those involving ontology engineering. As part of a PhD research, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hanna Abi Akl

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet their internal mechanisms for handling reasoning-intensive tasks remain underexplored. To advance the understanding of model-internal processing mechanisms, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tanja Baeumel , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

Logical reasoning is fundamental for humans yet presents a substantial challenge in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. Initially, researchers used Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR) systems that did not scale and required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Man Luo , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Ming shen , Mihir Parmar , Neeraj Varshney , Pratyay Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Chitta Baral