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In-memory database query processing frequently involves substantial data transfers between the CPU and memory, leading to inefficiencies due to Von Neumann bottleneck. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer a viable solution to…

Bulk-bitwise processing-in-memory (PIM), where large bitwise operations are performed in parallel by the memory array itself, is an emerging form of computation with the potential to mitigate the memory wall problem. This paper examines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ben Perach , Ronny Ronen , Benny Kimelfeld , Shahar Kvatinsky

Cryptographic algorithms such as AES-128 and SHA-256 are fundamental to ensuring data security and integrity. Although these algorithms are computationally efficient, their performance is often constrained by the processor-centric…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Nicola Barcarolo , Brahmaiah Gandham , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Roberto Passerone , Onur Mutlu , Flavio Vella

Modern Machine Learning (ML) training on large-scale datasets is a very time-consuming workload. It relies on the optimization algorithm Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) due to its effectiveness, simplicity, and generalization performance.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Steve Rhyner , Haocong Luo , Juan Gómez-Luna , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Jiawei Jiang , Ataberk Olgun , Harshita Gupta , Ce Zhang , Onur Mutlu

Nowadays, data-intensive applications are gaining popularity and, together with this trend, processing-in-memory (PIM)-based systems are being given more attention and have become more relevant. This paper describes an analytical modeling…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Ronny Ronen , Adi Eliahu , Orian Leitersdorf , Natan Peled , Kunal Korgaonkar , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Ben Perach , Shahar Kvatinsky

Emerging Persistent Memory technologies (also PM, Non-Volatile DIMMs, Storage Class Memory or SCM) hold tremendous promise for accelerating popular data-management applications like in-memory databases. However, programmers now need to deal…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Ellis Giles , Kshitij Doshi , Peter Varman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in a variety of applications due to their advanced language understanding and generation capabilities. However, their computational and memory requirements pose significant challenges to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Cristobal Ortega , Yann Falevoz , Renaud Ayrignac

Training machine learning (ML) algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Today's computing systems require moving data back-and-forth between computing resources (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) and off-chip main memory so that computation can take place on the data. Unfortunately, this data movement is a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Amirali Boroumand , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer promising solutions for efficiently handling AI applications in energy-constrained edge environments. While traditional PIM designs enhance performance and energy efficiency by reducing data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sangmin Jeon , Kangju Lee , Kyeongwon Lee , Woojoo Lee

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has been explored for decades by computer architects, yet it has never seen the light of day in real-world products due to their high design overheads and lack of a killer application. With the advent of critical…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Bongjoon Hyun , Taehun Kim , Dongjae Lee , Minsoo Rhu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

Decoder-only Transformer models such as GPT have demonstrated exceptional performance in text generation, by autoregressively predicting the next token. However, the efficacy of running GPT on current hardware systems is bounded by low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yuting Wu , Ziyu Wang , Wei D. Lu

The performance gap between memory and processor has grown rapidly. Consequently, the energy and wall-clock time costs associated with moving data between the CPU and main memory predominate the overall computational cost. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qingcai Jiang , Shaojie Tan , Junshi Chen , Hong An

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Digital processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are rapidly emerging to overcome the memory-wall bottleneck by integrating logic within memory elements. Such architectures provide vast computational power within the memory itself in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Orian Leitersdorf , Dean Leitersdorf , Jonathan Gal , Mor Dahan , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Processing in memory (PiM) represents a promising computing paradigm to enhance performance of numerous data-intensive applications. Variants performing computing directly in emerging nonvolatile memories can deliver very high energy…

In-DRAM Processing-In-Memory (DRAM-PIM) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate memory-intensive workloads by mitigating data transfer overhead between DRAM and the host processor. Bit-serial DRAM-PIM architectures, further…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Siyuan Ma , Jiajun Hu , Jeeho Ryoo , Aman Arora , Lizy Kurian John

Processing In Memory (PIM) accelerators are promising architecture that can provide massive parallelization and high efficiency in various applications. Such architectures can instantaneously provide ultra-fast operation over extensive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Kazi Abu Zubair , Sumit Kumar Jha , David Mohaisen , Clayton Hughes , Amro Awad

The performance and efficiency of running large-scale datasets on traditional computing systems exhibit critical bottlenecks due to the existing "power wall" and "memory wall" problems. To resolve those problems, processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Yinglin Zhao , Jianlei Yang , Bing Li , Xingzhou Cheng , Xucheng Ye , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Zhaohao Wang , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao