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Large Language Models (LLMs) process millions of queries daily, making efficient response caching a compelling optimization for reducing cost and latency. However, preserving relevance to user queries using this approach proves difficult…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Soft prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient method for adapting LLMs to specific tasks, but suffers from a lack of interpretability. Building on recent work on interpreting soft prompts (Ramati et al., 2024), we explore how training a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pitipat Kongsomjit , Suryansh Goyal , Jacob Whitehill

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the prevailing approach to ensure Large Language Models (LLMs) align with human values. However, existing RLHF methods require a high computational cost, one main reason being that RLHF…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yu Zhu , Chuxiong Sun , Wenfei Yang , Wenqiang Wei , Bo Tang , Tianzhu Zhang , Zhiyu Li , Shifeng Zhang , Feiyu Xiong , Jie Hu , Mingchuan yang

Self-correction is one of the most amazing emerging capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling LLMs to self-modify an inappropriate output given a natural language feedback which describes the problems of that output. Moral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guangliang Liu , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Marie Johnson

A model is considered well-calibrated when its probability estimate aligns with the actual likelihood of the output being correct. Calibrating language models (LMs) is crucial, as it plays a vital role in detecting and mitigating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Xin Liu , Muhammad Khalifa , Lu Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios, they often require computationally prohibitive sizes. Conversely, smaller Masked Language Models (MLMs) like BERT and RoBERTa achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ahmed Elshabrawy , Yongxin Huang , Iryna Gurevych , Alham Fikri Aji

The popularity of LLaMA (Touvron et al., 2023a;b) and other recently emerged moderate-sized large language models (LLMs) highlights the potential of building smaller yet powerful LLMs. Regardless, the cost of training such models from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Mengzhou Xia , Tianyu Gao , Zhiyuan Zeng , Danqi Chen

We introduce Options LLM (OLLM), a simple, general method that replaces the single next-token prediction of standard LLMs with a \textit{set of learned options} for the next token, indexed by a discrete latent variable. Instead of relying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shashank Sharma , Janina Hoffmann , Vinay Namboodiri

Knob tuning plays a crucial role in optimizing databases by adjusting knobs to enhance database performance. However, traditional tuning methods often follow a Try-Collect-Adjust approach, proving inefficient and database-specific.…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yiyan Li , Haoyang Li , Zhao Pu , Jing Zhang , Xinyi Zhang , Tao Ji , Luming Sun , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 and GPT-4 are powerful but their weights are often publicly unavailable and their immense sizes make the models difficult to be tuned with common hardware. As a result, effectively tuning these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Canwen Xu , Yichong Xu , Shuohang Wang , Yang Liu , Chenguang Zhu , Julian McAuley

Using pre-trained large language models (LLMs) as a backbone for time series prediction has recently attracted growing research interest. Existing approaches typically split time series into patches, map them to the token space of LLMs via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xinyu Zhang , Shanshan Feng , Xutao Li , Kenghong Lin , Fan Li , Pengfei Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 are versatile and capable of addressing a diverse range of tasks. However, general LLMs, which are developed on open-domain data, may lack the domain-specific knowledge essential for tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Haitao Li , Qingyao Ai , Jia Chen , Qian Dong , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu , Chong Chen , Qi Tian

Time series modeling holds significant importance in many real-world applications and has been extensively studied. While pre-trained foundation models have made impressive strides in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Juyuan Zhang , Wei Zhu , Jiechao Gao

We propose a constraint learning schema for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with attribute control. Given a training corpus and control criteria formulated as a sequence-level constraint on model outputs, our method fine-tunes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tao Meng , Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Anil Ramakrishna , Aram Galstyan , Richard Zemel , Kai-Wei Chang , Rahul Gupta , Charith Peris

Large language models(LLMs) containing tens of billions of parameters (or even more) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, substantial model size poses challenges to training, inference, and deployment so…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yupeng Ji , Yibo Cao , Jiucai Liu

Recently, pretrained language models (PLMs) have had exceptional success in language generation. To leverage the rich knowledge encoded by PLMs, a simple yet powerful paradigm is to use prompts in the form of either discrete tokens or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a prominent area of interest across various research domains, including Process Mining (PM). Current applications in PM have predominantly centered on prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rafael Seidi Oyamada , Jari Peeperkorn , Jochen De Weerdt , Johannes De Smedt

Despite outstanding processes in many tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) still lack accuracy when dealing with highly technical domains. Especially, telecommunications (telco) is a particularly challenging domain due the large amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Camille Barboule , Viet-Phi Huynh , Adrien Bufort , Yoan Chabot , Géraldine Damnati , Gwénolé Lecorvé