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Many applications of large language models (LLMs), ranging from chatbots to creative writing, require nuanced subjective judgments that can differ significantly across different groups. Existing alignment algorithms can be expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Siyan Zhao , John Dang , Aditya Grover

Large language models (LLMs) that have been trained on multilingual but not parallel text exhibit a remarkable ability to translate between languages. We probe this ability in an in-depth study of the pathways language model (PaLM), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 David Vilar , Markus Freitag , Colin Cherry , Jiaming Luo , Viresh Ratnakar , George Foster

This study evaluates Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, testing three configurations: (1) with Supervised Fine Tuning (SFT), (2) without SFT, and (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Md Nayem Uddin , Chitta Baral

For aligning large language models (LLMs), prior work has leveraged reinforcement learning via human feedback (RLHF) or variations of direct preference optimization (DPO). While DPO offers a simpler framework based on maximum likelihood…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Anirudhan Badrinath , Prabhat Agarwal , Jiajing Xu

Large Language Models (LLM's) have demonstrated considerable success in various Natural Language Processing tasks, but they have yet to attain state-of-the-art performance in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Nevertheless, their significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Koneru , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck , Jan Niehues

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with alignment techniques, such as reinforcement learning from human feedback, have been instrumental in developing some of the most capable AI systems to date. Despite their success, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kyuyoung Kim , Ah Jeong Seo , Hao Liu , Jinwoo Shin , Kimin Lee

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao

Recent advances in preference optimization have demonstrated significant potential for improving mathematical reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). While current approaches leverage high-quality pairwise preference data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yunqiao Yang , Houxing Ren , Zimu Lu , Ke Wang , Weikang Shi , Aojun Zhou , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Existing multi-objective preference alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face limitations: (1) the inability to effectively balance various preference dimensions, and (2) reliance on auxiliary reward/reference models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Liu , Jingqing Ruan , Hao Li , Haodong Zhao , Desheng Wang , Jiansong Chen , Wan Guanglu , Xunliang Cai , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu

We introduce LAMPO, a novel paradigm that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving few-shot multi-class ordinal classification tasks. Unlike conventional methods, which concatenate all demonstration examples with the test instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhen Qin , Junru Wu , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Xuanhui Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities as cost-effective and reference-free evaluators for assessing language generation quality. In particular, pairwise LLM evaluators, which compare two generated texts and determine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Yinhong Liu , Nigel Collier , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

We present Sequential Policy Optimization for Simultaneous Machine Translation (SeqPO-SiMT), a new policy optimization framework that defines the simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) task as a sequential decision making problem,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ting Xu , Zhichao Huang , Jiankai Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Wai Lam

Studies show that large language models (LLMs) produce buggy code translations. One promising avenue to improve translation accuracy is through intermediate representations, which provide structured guidance for the translation process. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Chi-en Amy Tai , Pengyu Nie , Lukasz Golab , Alexander Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate robust capabilities across various fields, leading to a paradigm shift in LLM-enhanced Recommender System (RS). Research to date focuses on point-wise and pair-wise recommendation paradigms, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Wen-Shuo Chao , Zhi Zheng , Hengshu Zhu , Hao Liu

A new paradigm for machine translation has recently emerged: fine-tuning large language models (LLM) on parallel text has been shown to outperform dedicated translation systems trained in a supervised fashion on much larger amounts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Aquia Richburg , Marine Carpuat

Alignment in artificial intelligence pursues the consistency between model responses and human preferences as well as values. In practice, the multifaceted nature of human preferences inadvertently introduces what is known as the "alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yiju Guo , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Ning Ding , Zexu Sun , Bowen Sun , Huimin Chen , Ruobing Xie , Jie Zhou , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Preference optimization is a critical post-training technique used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, typically by fine-tuning on ranked response pairs. While methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Yufei Tao , Ameeta Agrawal

Aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences (e.g., by means of reinforcement learning with human feedback, or RLHF) is essential for ensuring their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Despite significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Pietro Bernardelle , Gianluca Demartini

When aligning large language models (LLMs), their performance on various tasks (such as being helpful, harmless, and honest) depends heavily on the composition of their training data. However, selecting a data mixture that achieves strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Nicholas E. Corrado , Julian Katz-Samuels , Adithya Devraj , Hyokun Yun , Chao Zhang , Yi Xu , Yi Pan , Bing Yin , Trishul Chilimbi

The rapid advancement of large language models has opened new avenues for automating complex problem-solving tasks such as algorithmic coding and competitive programming. This paper introduces a novel evaluation technique, LLM-ProS, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Md Sifat Hossain , Anika Tabassum , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tarannum Shaila Zaman