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This paper explores the use of scenario-based visualisation examples as a pedagogical strategy for teaching students the complexities of data insight, representation, and interpretation. Teaching data visualisation often involves explaining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jonathan C. Roberts , Peter Butcher , Panagiotis D. Ritsos

This review systematizes the emerging literature for causal inference using deep neural networks under the potential outcomes framework. It provides an intuitive introduction on how deep learning can be used to estimate/predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bernard Koch , Tim Sainburg , Pablo Geraldo , Song Jiang , Yizhou Sun , Jacob Gates Foster

Analyzing large complex image collections in domains like forensics, accident investigation, or social media analysis involves interpreting intricate, overlapping relationships among images. Traditional clustering and classification methods…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Floris Gisolf , Zeno J. M. H. Geradts , Marcel Worring

Causal inference and model interpretability research are gaining increasing attention, especially in the domains of healthcare and bioinformatics. Despite recent successes in this field, decorrelating features under nonlinear environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Junda Wang , Weijian Li , Han Wang , Hanjia Lyu , Caroline Thirukumaran , Addisu Mesfin , Jiebo Luo

While deep learning has led to huge progress in complex image classification tasks like ImageNet, unexpected failure modes, e.g. via spurious features, call into question how reliably these classifiers work in the wild. Furthermore, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Maximilian Augustin , Yannic Neuhaus , Matthias Hein

The fundamental challenge of drawing causal inference is that counterfactual outcomes are not fully observed for any unit. Furthermore, in observational studies, treatment assignment is likely to be confounded. Many statistical methods have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-01 Harsh Parikh , Carlos Varjao , Louise Xu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Causal understanding is essential for many kinds of decision-making, but causal inference from observational data has typically only been applied to structured, low-dimensional datasets. While text classifiers produce low-dimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Zach Wood-Doughty , Ilya Shpitser , Mark Dredze

Many visualization techniques have been created to explain the behavior of computer vision models, but they largely consist of static diagrams that convey limited information. Interactive visualizations allow users to more easily interpret…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Devon Ulrich , Ruth Fong

Comparison and contrast are the basic means to unveil causation and learn which treatments work. To build good comparison groups, randomized experimentation is key, yet often infeasible. In such non-experimental settings, we illustrate and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-30 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Jose R. Zubizarreta

To draw scientifically meaningful conclusions and build reliable models of quantitative phenomena, cause and effect must be taken into consideration (either implicitly or explicitly). This is particularly challenging when the measurements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Max A. Little , Reham Badawy

We introduce computational causal inference as an interdisciplinary field across causal inference, algorithms design and numerical computing. The field aims to develop software specializing in causal inference that can analyze massive…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-22 Jeffrey C. Wong

With the rising necessity of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we see an increase in task-dependent XAI methods on varying abstraction levels. XAI techniques on a global level explain model behavior and on a local level explain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

Image captioning, which generates natural language descriptions of the visual information in an image, is a crucial task in vision-language research. Previous models have typically addressed this task by aligning the generative capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Qian Cao , Xu Chen , Ruihua Song , Xiting Wang , Xinting Huang , Yuchen Ren

In this work, we deepen on the use of normalizing flows for causal reasoning. Specifically, we first leverage recent results on non-linear ICA to show that causal models are identifiable from observational data given a causal ordering, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Adrián Javaloy , Pablo Sánchez-Martín , Isabel Valera

Time series data is a collection of chronological observations which is generated by several domains such as medical and financial fields. Over the years, different tasks such as classification, forecasting, and clustering have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Raha Moraffah , Paras Sheth , Mansooreh Karami , Anchit Bhattacharya , Qianru Wang , Anique Tahir , Adrienne Raglin , Huan Liu

Causal inference analysis is the estimation of the effects of actions on outcomes. In the context of healthcare data this means estimating the outcome of counter-factual treatments (i.e. including treatments that were not observed) on a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-21 Yishai Shimoni , Chen Yanover , Ehud Karavani , Yaara Goldschmnidt

Visualisation is an effective way to facilitate the analysis and understanding of multivariate data. In the context of multi-objective optimisation, comparing to quantitative performance metrics, visualisation is, in principle, able to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Huiru Gao , Haifeng Nie , Ke Li

Causal parameters may not be point identified in the presence of unobserved confounding. However, information about non-identified parameters, in the form of bounds, may still be recovered from the observed data in some cases. We develop a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-02 Noam Finkelstein , Ilya Shpitser

Data visualization techniques proffer efficient means to organize and present data in graphically appealing formats, which not only speeds up the process of decision making and pattern recognition but also enables decision-makers to fully…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Shashwat Aggarwal , Ramesh Singh

Explainable recommendation systems leverage transparent reasoning to foster user trust and improve decision-making processes. Current approaches typically decouple recommendation generation from explanation creation, violating causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Guanrong Li , Haolin Yang , Xinyu Liu , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai