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Current quantum computers require algorithms that use limited resources economically. In quantum machine learning, success hinges on quantum feature maps, which embed classical data into the state space of qubits. We introduce Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Jonas Jäger , Philipp Elsässer , Elham Torabian

Latent state space models are a fundamental and widely used tool for modeling dynamical systems. However, they are difficult to learn from data and learned models often lack performance guarantees on inference tasks such as filtering and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Wen Sun , Arun Venkatraman , Byron Boots , J. Andrew Bagnell

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) has emerged as a promising research direction that integrates quantum information processing into reinforcement learning frameworks. While many existing QRL studies apply quantum agents to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Jawaher Kaldari , Saif Al-Kuwari

In recent years, neural networks (NNs) have driven significant advances in machine learning. However, as tasks grow more complex, NNs often require large numbers of trainable parameters, which increases computational and energy demands.…

In this contribution, quantum Fisher information is utilized to estimate the parameters of a central qubit interacting with a single-spin qubit. The effect of the longitudinal, transverse and the rotating strengths of the magnetic field on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 N. Metwally

We extend directed quantum circuit synthesis (DQCS) with reinforcement learning from purely discrete gate selection to parameterized quantum state preparation with continuous single-qubit rotations \(R_x\), \(R_y\), and \(R_z\). We compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Gerhard Stenzel , Isabella Debelic , Michael Kölle , Tobias Rohe , Leo Sünkel , Julian Hager , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Modern cyberattacks are increasingly complex, posing significant challenges to classical machine learning methods, particularly when labeled data is limited and feature interactions are highly non-linear. In this study we investigates the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jessica A. Sciammarelli , Waqas Ahmed

Digital-analog quantum computing (DAQC) offers a promising approach to addressing the challenges of building a practical quantum computer. By efficiently allocating resources between digital and analog quantum circuits, DAQC paves the way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Tadashi Kadowaki

Quantum machine learning is one of the many potential applications of quantum computing, each of which is hoped to provide some novel computational advantage. However, quantum machine learning applications often fail to outperform classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Gennaro De Luca , Andrew Vlasic , Michael Vitz , Anh Pham

qPCF is a paradigmatic quantum programming language that ex- tends PCF with quantum circuits and a quantum co-processor. Quantum circuits are treated as classical data that can be duplicated and manipulated in flexible ways by means of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Luca Paolini , Mauro Piccolo , Margherita Zorzi

Quantum machine learning is arguably one of the most explored applications of near-term quantum devices. Much focus has been put on notions of variational quantum machine learning where parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are used as…

In this paper we provide a broad framework for describing learning agents in general quantum environments. We analyze the types of classically specified environments which allow for quantum enhancements in learning, by contrasting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-31 Vedran Dunjko , Jacob M. Taylor , Hans J. Briegel

We report a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of the quantum speed-up for learning agents utilizing a small-scale quantum information processor based on radiofrequency-driven trapped ions. The decision-making process of a…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are widely speculated to deliver quantum advantages for practical problems under the quantum-classical hybrid computational paradigm in the near term. Both theoretical and practical developments of VQAs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-17 Shi-Xin Zhang , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang , Hong Yao

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for efficiently and accurately estimating Lipschitz constants in hybrid quantum-classical decision models. Our approach integrates classical neural network with quantum variational circuits to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Sajjad Hashemian , Mohammad Saeed Arvenaghi

We address the problem of quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) under model-free settings with quantum oracle access to the Markov Decision Process (MDP). This paper introduces a Quantum Natural Policy Gradient (QNPG) algorithm, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Yang Xu , Vaneet Aggarwal

Attributing performance gains in quantum machine learning to genuine quantum resources rather than to classical architectural scaling remains an open methodological challenge. We address this by introducing a counterfactual causal mediation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Cyrille Yetuyetu Kesiku , Begonya Garcia-Zapirain

Quantum computing promises to enhance machine learning and artificial intelligence. Different quantum algorithms have been proposed to improve a wide spectrum of machine learning tasks. Yet, recent theoretical works show that, similar to…

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms appear to be the most promising approach for near-term quantum applications. An important bottleneck is the classical optimization loop, where the multiple local minima and the emergence of barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Ioannis Kolotouros , Petros Wallden

In the current era of quantum computing, robust and efficient tools are essential to bridge the gap between simulations and quantum hardware execution. In this work, we introduce a machine learning approach to characterize the noise…