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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been emerged as a promising solution for guaranteeing information-theoretic security. Inspired by this, a great amount of research effort has been recently put on designing and testing QKD systems as well…

We demonstrate how adversaries with unbounded computing resources can break Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols which employ a particular message authentication code suggested previously. This authentication code, featuring low key…

Due to the complex nature of mobile communication systems, most of the security efforts in its domain are isolated and scattered across underlying technologies. This has resulted in an obscure view of the overall security. In this work, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Siddharth Prakash Rao , Silke Holtmanns , Tuomas Aura

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are a central paradigm for noisy intermediate-scale (NISQ) quantum computing, yet their reliance on predesigned and pretrained variational quantum circuits (VQCs) introduces critical security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Lei Jiang , Fan Chen

Quantum-based cryptographic protocols are often said to enjoy security guaranteed by the fundamental laws of physics. However, even carefully designed quantum-based cryptographic schemes may be susceptible to subtle attacks that are outside…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Tsz-Mei Ko

The Global Wearable market is anticipated to rise at a considerable rate in the next coming years and communication is a fundamental block in any wearable device. In communication, encryption methods are being used with the aid of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Rahul Vishwakarma , Ravi Monani , Amin Rezaei , Hossein Sayadi , Mehrdad Aliasgari , Ava Hedayatipour

Cyber-physical systems integrate computation, communication, and physical capabilities to interact with the physical world and humans. Besides failures of components, cyber-physical systems are prone to malicious attacks so that specific…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-02-29 Fabio Pasqualetti , Florian Dörfler , Francesco Bullo

The problem of security of quantum key protocols is examined. In addition to the distribution of classical keys, the problem of encrypting quantum data and the structure of the operators which perform quantum encryption is studied. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 P. Oscar Boykin

One of the fundamental theories of physics is that of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics tries to explain the inconsistencies in the behaviors of systems at the macro and micro scales. Quantum mechanics paved the way for quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-07 Abdulrahman AlRaimi , Sandrik Concepcion Das , Saad Mohammed Anis , Devrim Unal

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) play a crucial role in the rapid detection and mitigation of cyber threats. However, the existing body of literature lacks in-depth analytical studies on the temporal aspects of IoC publication, especially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Angel Kodituwakku , Clark Xu , Daniel Rogers , David K. Ahn , Errin W. Fulp

The physical layer describes how communication signals are encoded and transmitted across a channel. Physical security often requires either restricting access to the channel or performing periodic manual inspections. In this tutorial, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Travis S. Humble

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks are expected to enable information-theoretical secure (ITS) communication over a large-scale network. Most researches on relay-based QKD network assume that all relays or nodes are completely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Yi Luo , Qiong Li , Hao-Kun Mao

The development of the Willow quantum chip by Google has sparked significant interest in quantum computing, ushering in a new wave of advancements in the field. As quantum computing technology continues to mature, secure quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Abel C. H. Chen

There is no doubt that quantum key distribution is an excellent result as a science. However, this paper presents a view on quantum key distribution (QKD) wherein QKD may have a difficulty to provide a sufficient security and good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-23 Osamu Hirota

The laws of physics play a crucial role in the security of quantum key distribution (QKD). This fact has often been misunderstood as if the security of QKD would be based only on the laws of physics. As the experts know well, things are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Valerio Scarani , Christian Kurtsiefer

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are a central component of many quantum machine learning algorithms, offering a hybrid quantum-classical framework that, under certain aspects, can be considered similar to classical deep neural networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Nicola Assolini , Luca Marzari , Isabella Mastroeni , Alessandra di Pierro

Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are widely used in critical infrastructures that face various cyberattacks causing physical damage. With the increasing integration of the ICSs and information technology (IT), ensuring the security of ICSs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Navid Aftabi , Dan Li , Ph. D. , Thomas Sharkey , Ph. D

Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-03 Muhammad Nadeem

Advances in quantum computing threaten digital communication security by undermining the foundations of current public-key cryptography through Shor's quantum algorithm. This has driven the development of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Callum Turino , William J Buchanan , Owen Lo , Christoph Thuummler