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Formal verification offers a path to provably correct software, but writing verified code remains expensive enough that the technique is rarely used in production. Recent large language models can accelerate this work, and recent benchmarks…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Leo Yao

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Formal verification provides a rigorous and systematic approach to ensure the correctness and reliability of software systems. Yet, constructing specifications for the full proof relies on domain expertise and non-trivial manpower. In view…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Cheng Wen , Jialun Cao , Jie Su , Zhiwu Xu , Shengchao Qin , Mengda He , Haokun Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

Traditional approaches for validating molecular simulations rely on making software open source and transparent, incorporating unit testing, and generally employing human oversight. We propose an approach that eliminates software errors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-19 Ejike D. Ugwuanyi , Colin T. Jones , John Velkey , Tyler R. Josephson

Large language models for code are advancing fast, yet our ability to evaluate them lags behind. Current benchmarks focus on narrow tasks and single metrics, which hide critical gaps in robustness, interpretability, fairness, efficiency,…

Development of formal proofs of correctness of programs can increase actual and perceived reliability and facilitate better understanding of program specifications and their underlying assumptions. Tools supporting such development have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Talia Ringer , Karl Palmskog , Ilya Sergey , Milos Gligoric , Zachary Tatlock

Large language models have achieved striking results in interactive theorem proving, particularly in Lean. However, most benchmarks for LLM-based proof automation are drawn from mathematics in the Mathlib ecosystem, whereas proofs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yutong Xin , Qiaochu Chen , Greg Durrett , Işil Dillig

With the growing popularity of Large Reasoning Models and their results in solving mathematical problems, it becomes crucial to measure their capabilities. We introduce a pipeline for both automatic and interactive verification as a more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Varvara Sazonova , Dmitri Shmelkin , Stanislav Kikot , Vasily Motolygin

Program verifiers such as Dafny automate proofs by outsourcing them to an SMT solver. This automation is not perfect, however, and the solver often requires hints in the form of assertions, creating a burden for the proof engineer. In this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Eric Mugnier , Emmanuel Anaya Gonzalez , Ranjit Jhala , Nadia Polikarpova , Yuanyuan Zhou

Interactive theorem proving software is typically designed around a trusted proof-checking kernel, the sole system component capable of authenticating theorems. Untrusted automation procedures reside outside of the kernel, and drive it to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Dominic P. Mulligan , Nick Spinale

While frontier formal mathematics systems now routinely develop repository-scale proof engineering artifacts requiring multi-file coordination and semantic correctness beyond compilation, existing evaluation benchmarks remain focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Huajian Xin , Luming Li , Xiaoran Jin , Jacques Fleuriot , Wenda Li

Generative AI has shown its values for many software engineering tasks. Still in its infancy, large language model (LLM)-based proof generation lags behind LLM-based code generation. In this paper, we present AutoVerus. AutoVerus uses LLMs…

We introduce DafnyBench, the largest benchmark of its kind for training and evaluating machine learning systems for formal software verification. We test the ability of LLMs such as GPT-4 and Claude 3 to auto-generate enough hints for the…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capability to understand and develop code. However, their capability to rigorously reason about and prove code correctness remains in question. This paper offers a comprehensive study of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chenyuan Yang , Natalie Neamtu , Chris Hawblitzel , Jacob R. Lorch , Shan Lu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang

Having a high quality software is essential in software engineering, which requires robust validation and verification processes during testing activities. Manual testing, while effective, can be time consuming and costly, leading to an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Betim Sherifi , Khaled Slhoub , Fitzroy Nembhard

Although formal methods are capable of producing reliable software, they have seen minimal adoption in everyday programming. Automatic code generation using large language models is becoming increasingly widespread, but it rarely considers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Aleksandr Shefer , Igor Engel , Stanislav Alekseev , Daniil Berezun , Ekaterina Verbitskaia , Anton Podkopaev

AI agents have shown initial promise in automating mathematical theorem proving in proof assistants such as Lean. The same proof assistants can be used to verify the correctness of code by pairing code with specifications and proofs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Evan Lohn , Sean Welleck

Automated software testing involves the execution of test scripts by a machine instead of being manually run. This significantly reduces the amount of manual time & effort needed and thus is of great interest to the software testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Anurag Dwarakanath , Neville Dubash , Sanjay Podder

Automated web application testing is a critical component of modern software development, with frameworks like Selenium widely adopted for validating functionality through browser automation. Among the essential aspects of such testing is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Nguyen-Khang Le , Hiep Nguyen , Ngoc-Minh Nguyen , Son T. Luu , Trung Vo , Quan Minh Bui , Shoshin Nomura , Le-Minh Nguyen