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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Avital Oliver , Augustus Odena , Colin Raffel , Ekin D. Cubuk , Ian J. Goodfellow

Deep supervised learning algorithms typically require a large volume of labeled data to achieve satisfactory performance. However, the process of collecting and labeling such data can be expensive and time-consuming. Self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jie Gui , Tuo Chen , Jing Zhang , Qiong Cao , Zhenan Sun , Hao Luo , Dacheng Tao

Open-world semi-supervised learning (Open-world SSL) for node classification, that classifies unlabeled nodes into seen classes or multiple novel classes, is a practical but under-explored problem in the graph community. As only seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yanling Wang , Jing Zhang , Lingxi Zhang , Lixin Liu , Yuxiao Dong , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Hongzhi Yin

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is fundamentally a missing label problem, in which the label Missing Not At Random (MNAR) problem is more realistic and challenging, compared to the widely-adopted yet naive Missing Completely At Random…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Xinting Hu , Yulei Niu , Chunyan Miao , Xian-Sheng Hua , Hanwang Zhang

The capability of the traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods is far from real-world application due to severely biased pseudo-labels caused by (1) class imbalance and (2) class distribution mismatch between labeled and unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Youngtaek Oh , Dong-Jin Kim , In So Kweon

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Islam Nassar , Samitha Herath , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari

The past few years have witnessed a remarkable advance in deep learning for EEG-based sleep stage classification (SSC). However, the success of these models is attributed to possessing a massive amount of labeled data for training, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-14 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li

A fundamental limitation of applying semi-supervised learning in real-world settings is the assumption that unlabeled test data contains only classes previously encountered in the labeled training data. However, this assumption rarely holds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Kaidi Cao , Maria Brbic , Jure Leskovec

Conventional semi-supervised learning (SSL) ideally assumes that labeled and unlabeled data share an identical class distribution, however in practice, this assumption is easily violated, as unlabeled data often includes unknown class data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Heejo Kong , Sung-Jin Kim , Gunho Jung , Seong-Whan Lee

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to train a machine learning model using both labelled and unlabelled data. While the unlabelled data have been used in various ways to improve the prediction accuracy, the reason why unlabelled data could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Archer Moore , Heejung Shim , Jingge Zhu , Mingming Gong

The premise of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is that combining labeled and unlabeled data yields significantly more accurate models. Despite empirical successes, the theoretical understanding of SSL is still far from complete. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-06 Eyar Azar , Boaz Nadler

Given a small set of labeled data and a large set of unlabeled data, semi-supervised learning (SSL) attempts to leverage the location of the unlabeled datapoints in order to create a better classifier than could be obtained from supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Michael C. Burkhart , Kyle Shan

This study explores the application of self-supervised learning (SSL) for improved target recognition in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery. The unique challenges of underwater environments make traditional computer vision techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 BW Sheffield

Nowadays, supervised deep learning techniques yield the best state-of-the-art prediction performances for a wide variety of computer vision tasks. However, such supervised techniques generally require a large amount of manually labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Florent Chiaroni , Mohamed-Cherif Rahal , Nicolas Hueber , Frederic Dufaux

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has a potential to improve the predictive performance of machine learning models using unlabeled data. Although there has been remarkable recent progress, the scope of demonstration in SSL has mainly been on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Kihyuk Sohn , Zizhao Zhang , Chun-Liang Li , Han Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an effective means of leveraging unlabelled data to improve a model performance. Even though the domain has received a considerable amount of attention in the past years, most methods present the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-06 Hugo Schmutz , Olivier Humbert , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a class of supervised learning tasks and techniques that also exploits the unlabeled data for training. SSL significantly reduces labeling related costs and is able to handle large data sets. The primary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-30 Eftychios Protopapadakis

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) effectively leverages unlabeled data and has been proven successful across various fields. Current safe SSL methods believe that unseen classes in unlabeled data harm the performance of SSL models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rundong He , Yicong Dong , Lanzhe Guo , Yilong Yin , Tailin Wu

With the development of deep learning, supervised learning methods perform well in remote sensing images (RSIs) scene classification. However, supervised learning requires a huge number of annotated data for training. When labeled samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Chao Tao , Ji Qi , Weipeng Lu , Hao Wang , Haifeng Li